沉降物

Results showed that settling rate is in inverse ratio to the value of SV and MLSS. Sludge age, oxygen consuming rate, extracellular polymer and removal efficiency of COD take changes with variety of settling rate.

结果表明：作为选择压的沉降速率与反应器中SV值和MLSS成反比关系；在沉降速率变化过程中，污泥龄、耗氧速率、胞外多聚物和COD去除率均产生变化。

Based on collected drill hole materials and predecessor publication\'s dates on seabed sediments physical and mechanical characters in the Yellow River subaquatic delta,the distribution and engineering geological nature of this area sediments are studied systematically;though the analysis geotechnical achievement tables and compression curves of those data,the layered summation was used to calculate the final subsidence quantity;Terzaghi consolidation theory was calculated and the Plaxis software was simulated subsidence with time changes;based on measured dates and other method,the quantitative analysis results were verified,Finally this study analyzes influencing factors and proposes control measures and proposals.

本文通过收集的钻孔资料以及前人发表的黄河水下三角洲海底沉积物物理力学数据，对研究区的沉积物分布，沉积物工程地质性质进行系统的研究；通过对调查资料中的土工试验成果表以及压缩曲线分析，采用分层总和法计算最终沉降量，采用太沙基固结理论计算和Pl(来源：ABCe2论文网www.abclunwen.com)axis软件模拟沉降随时间的变化关系；通过实测数据以及其它方法验证定性分析得出的结果，最后分析引起地面沉降的因素，并提出地面沉降的控制措施和建议。

Based on new WuhanGuangzhou railway passenger dedicated line engineering practice,this paper introuduces the key technologies for the deformation monitoring, data management and analysis system, the prediction method and assessment criterion are put forward to determine the reasonable time of unballasted track laying to guarantee the quality of unballasted track.

以武广铁路客运专线为基础，系统地介绍了线下结构物沉降变形观测关键技术，数据管理与分析预测系统，提出了工后沉降的预测方法及评估条件与标准，合理确定无碴轨道开始铺设时间，以保证客运专线无碴轨道结构铺设的质量。

The effects of the types and amounts of flocculants on settling velocity, the amount of supernatants and underflow were investigated.

考察了絮凝剂种类与用量对沉降速度、浮游物含量及底流固含等沉降分离指标的影响。

With the rich sediments supplied by the Pearl River, under the paleogeography sedimentary background of Baiyun Sag continuously subsiding, with sedimentary sequences related to relative transgressive sea level change ,contrary to regressive eustasy, the Pearl River Deepwater Fan System has specific evolution characteristics, which left the sedimentary record controlled by peripherical significant geological events. The sharp change of deposition rate and lithologic geochemical characteristics about 23.8Ma sequence boundary demonstratesd that sediment source had changed, perhaps related to the uplift of Tibet plateau and spreading of the South China Sea, which led the paleoPearl River drainage to expand to western China plateau , maybe much broader than present.

珠江深水扇系统以珠江为沉积物源、以持续深沉降的白云凹陷为沉积古地理背景、以与全球海退型海平面相反的相对海侵型海平面变化的沉积层序构成了其发育演化的特殊性，并留下了控制沉积的周边重要事件的记录。23.8 Ma等界面沉积速率和岩石地球化学特征均有突变，反映出物源区的变化，可能折射出与青藏高原隆升、南海扩张有关的重要事件，使得古珠江骤然向西部高原拓展，甚至较今天的珠江流域范围还广阔；承载珠江深水扇系统的白云凹陷持续沉降形成了陆坡内盆地，导致21~10.5 Ma BP多个层序深水扇垂向叠置充填的特殊沉积建造；根据60多口井资料建立的相对海平面变化曲线，具有与全球海平面变化相一致的三级旋回和不一致的二级旋回。

With the rich sediments supplied by the Pearl River, under the paleogeography sedimentary background of Baiyun Sag continuously subsiding, with sedimentary sequences related to relative transgressive sea level change ,contrary to regressive eustasy, the Pearl River Deepwater Fan System has specific evolution characteristics, which left the sedimentary record controlled by peripherical significant geological events.

珠江深水扇系统以珠江为沉积物源、以持续深沉降的白云凹陷为沉积古地理背景、以与全球海退型海平面相反的相对海侵型海平面变化的沉积层序构成了其发育演化的特殊性，并留下了控制沉积的周边重要事件的记录。23.8 Ma等界面沉积速率和岩石地球化学特征均有突变，反映出物源区的变化，可能折射出与青藏高原隆升、南海扩张有关的重要事件，使得古珠江骤然向西部高原拓展，甚至较今天的珠江流域范围还广阔；承载珠江深水扇系统的白云凹陷持续沉降形成了陆坡内盆地，导致21~10.5 Ma BP多个层序深水扇垂向叠置充填的特殊沉积建造；根据60多口井资料建立的相对海平面变化曲线，具有与全球海平面变化相一致的三级旋回和不一致的二级旋回。

In order to assess the change of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation long-term-site productivity, The paper studied on effects of aboveground litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation in nutrient cycling of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantations at different ages,namely 2a、4a、5a、6a.It studied influence of different factors on decomposition of leaf、tree bark and twig of triploid populus tomentoza to select the operations to accelerate the decomposition and nutrient release. Finally, it studied influence of different intercrops on plantation site productivity and the relationship of intercrops and triploid populus tomentoza to select suitable intercrops. The main results as follows:(1)The aboveground litterfall of triploid populus tomentoza increased along with age from 216.03±59.7gm~(-2) at 3a to 482.38±101.3gm~(-2) at 7a, The N returned by litterfall wasl8.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~-121.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2a~-139.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2a~-138.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by litterfall was 5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1), 11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The nutrient returned by fine root turnover increased along with age, too. The N returned by fine root turnover was 3.85±0.41kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1),7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1),9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by fine root turnover was 0.73±0.07kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.69±0.09kghm~(-2) a~(-1)、1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The leaf was the principal pathway to return nutrient to soil among litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation. The proportion of returned N by leaf was 74.84%、71.96%、78.58%、75.03% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively,The proportion of returned P by leaf was 85.93%、80.31%、83.04%、83.23% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. Therefore, it is important to protect and utilize the leaf in order to maintenance and enhance the long-term-site productivity of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation.

本文采取时序研究法，以3a、5a、6a、7a共4个不同年龄的三倍体毛白杨纸浆林为对象，研究了地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降在林分N、P营养元素循环中的作用及不同年龄林分N、P营养元素循环的特征，以评价三倍体毛白杨纸浆林长期立地生产力的变化；采取网袋法研究了不同因素对落叶、树皮、树枝分解的影响，以确定加快其分解、促进养分释放的措施：同时研究了不同间作物对林地影响、林木与间作物之间关系，以选择能维持立地生产力的合适的间作物种类等内容，得到以下结论：(1)随着年龄的增加，三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物的数量从3a的216.03±59.7gm~(-2)增加到7a的482.38±101.3gm~(-2)，通过凋落物归还的N分别为：3a时为18.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为21.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为39.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为38.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，归还的P分别为：3a时为5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~-1随着年龄的增加，通过细根周转归还的养分也在增加，归还的N分别为：3a时3.85±0.41kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~-1归还的P分别为：3a时0.73±0.07kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时1.69±0.09kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~-1从地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降三种不同途径归还林地养分所占的比例来看，地上凋落物中的落叶是归还养分主要途径，年龄在3a、5a、6a、7a时，通过落叶归还的N所占比例分别为74.84%、71.96%、78.58%和75.03%，归还的P所占比例分别为85.93%、80.31%、83.04%和83.23%。

In the fan delta plain, the sediments, with relatively large grain sizes, jump forward with the thrust of water flow, while, in the front slope, the sediments have relatively small grain sizes, weltering and depositing a-long the slope under the force of gravity, forming typical normal grain size gradation.

扇三角洲平原以水流推力作用为主，沉积物以滚动、跳跃方式搬运，粒度最粗；前缘斜坡以重力作用为主，沉积物顺坡向下滚动、沉积，粒度略细，且具有明显的正粒序特徵；前扇三角洲以浮力作用为主，沉积物为悬移质沉降，粒度最细。

Abrupt changes in available K resulted from the falling of fine tephra of the YTT eruption, and its abnormal zone about 1 meter thick implied that the fine tephra of the YTT eruption falling in wide provenances of loess was secondly carried with eolian dust into the loess Plateau of China by the East Asian winter monsoon during the early stage of the last glacial period.

固定铵的异常主要记录了YTT事件所产生的酸雨沉降，速效钾的异常则是由于YTT微细火山灰尘在黄土剖面及其广阔的物源区伴随酸雨沉降的结果，厚达1m的异常带表明末次冰期冬季风逐渐强盛和南移的过程。

In the following experiments, we used solution blending method to mix ZnO nanoparticles and ABM copolymers together. In XRD and FTIR analysis, we found that the carboxylic acid groups of ABM copolymer could dissolve ZnO crystalline and adsorbed onto the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. In the sedimentation test, we observed that ABM copolymers enhanced the stability of dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the hydrophobic organic solvent.

将ZnO粒子与ABM共聚物以溶液掺混方式混合后，经XRD与FTIR等分析可得知ABM共聚物中的羧酸官能基会溶解ZnO的晶格结构并吸附於ZnO粒子表面上；由沉降实验可观察得知，ABM共聚物可提升ZnO粒子在亲油性有机溶剂中的分散稳定性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。