汽

New type of water chemistry for utility drum boiler and its principle and characteristic Two kinds of water chemistry's main principle and characteristic are detailedly analyzed. Against the problem of high eroding speed, high Fe content in feed water and boiler water, high scaling speed, short chemical cleaning interval, needing poisonous chemical deoxidant, etc for drum boiler's deoxidization water chemistry and difficulty of using oxidation water chemistry, a new type of water chemistry is put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristic of whole power station's water steam cycle system, principle of two kinds of water chemistry and their practical effect in every cycle stage. Considering two water chemistry's merit, a new water chemistry called Limited Oxidation Water Chemistry is put forward, which is a local slight oxidization no-deoxidant water chemistry. And the proposed method's principle, control parameter, applying condition, start-lay up and emergency measures are initially calculated and analyzed.

三、新型汽包炉水化学工况的提出及其原理和特点详细分析了国内外现行两大类水化学工况处理的核心原理和特点，针对现行汽包炉还原性水化学工况处理所存在的系统腐蚀速度相对较大、给水和炉水铁浓度高、锅炉结垢速度快、机组酸洗间隔短、无法避免有毒化学除氧剂的使用以及氧化性水化学工况在汽包炉机组上应用的困难等问题，在详细分析电站整个水蒸汽循环系统的特点、两类水工况处理的原理和对循环中各段处理的实际效果等的基础上，综合两者的优点，提出了一种新型的局部轻微氧化性无除氧剂汽包炉水化学工况－"汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况"处理原理，并初步计算、分析和确定了该种新型水化学工况的主要工艺控制参数、应用条件、启停与紧急情况处理等。

In the spiral pipe heat exchanger exports terminal, the ammonia steam temperature has been heated up 85 ℃--95 ℃, by now, the ammonia steam had the 45kg-55kg/cm2 ammonia steam pressure, sent in the ammonia steam turbine through the constant temperature pipeline, impelled ammonia steam turbine revolving, led the generator electricity generation;After the ammonia steam makes the merit release energy, the temperature drop, the returns ammonia storage tank, passes through again adjusts the press pump to press into the spiral pipe-type heat exchangers to carry on the next circulation;Including the ammonia steam turbine entire ammonia steam road is becomes the independent closed cycle system, is isolates completely with the outside air;The ammonia steam only plays the carryhome and the shift energy role, in the electricity generation process does not consume the actuating medium, the stored energy carrier water also is only gets up the carryhome and the shift energy function,The waterway also is from becomes the independent closed cycle system, in the electricity generation process also the needless water consumption, through the actuating medium ammonia steam and the stored energy carrier water unceasing shuttle service, transforms through the heat interchanger the solar energy as the actuating medium ammonia steam heat energy and the kinetic energy,With the aid of the ammonia steam turbine heat - machine transformation function and the generator machine - electricity transformation function, has realized the solar energy hot - electricity entire conversion process, transforms continuously the solar energy into the electrical energy, power supply for foreign;The low temperature generating system must solve three big technical keys:One, the anticorrosion (has actuating medium has strong corrosiveness), two is Explosion-proof (Some actuating medium Can have the detonation with the air mix when divulging, controls warm malfunction, elevates temperature suddenly also can have detonation), three is guards against the revolution axis divulging

以太阳能低温发电系统为例，低温发电方法是这样进行的：以水作为储能载体的太阳能采集器将太阳能采集起来，将水温提升至85℃--98℃；用氨作为工作介质储于氨储罐及氨汽路中；采用螺旋管型热交换器；用调压泵将氨储罐中的氨汽压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管内，用调压泵将携带太阳能的85℃--98℃的储能载体热水压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管外壁空间进行循环式热交换，在热交换器的螺旋管出口端，氨汽温度已被加热到85℃--95℃，这时，氨汽具有45kg—55kg/cm2的氨汽压力，通过恒温管道送入氨汽轮机，推动氨汽轮机旋转，带动发电机发电；氨汽作功释放能量后，温度下降，返回氨储罐，再经调压泵压入螺旋管型热交换器进行下一次循环；包括氨汽轮机在内的整个氨汽汽路是自成独立的封闭循环系统，与外界空气是完全隔绝的；氨汽只起携带和转移能量的作用，发电过程中并不消耗工作介质，储能载体水也是只起携带和转移能量的作用，水路也是自成独立的封闭循环系统，发电过程中也不消耗水，通过工作介质氨汽和储能载体水的不断循环运行，通过热交换器将太阳能转化为工作介质氨汽的热能和动能，借助氨汽轮机的热—机转化功能和发电机的机—电转化功能，实现了太阳能的整个热—电转化过程，将太阳能源源不断地转变为电能，对外供电；低温发电系统要解决的三大技术关键：一是防腐（有的工作介质具有较强的腐蚀性）、二是防爆（有的介质泄漏与空气混合会产生爆炸，控温失灵，急剧升温也会产生爆炸）、三是防轴漏（汽轮机是动态旋转体，必须解决工作介质的防轴漏问题）。

Knowing current talented person, our person follow realizes own biggest ideal with promote principle that we combine together, make everybody very much our development be space, environment that own great ideal that leading, but the feedback is a reasonable spirit feature to talented person with our economic performance, providing to each where there is a will development with term, here the way descend our spirit feature with the exaltation that economic performance got the continuous changes and improvements.

对于现有人才，烟汽模人遵循实现自己的最大理想与发扬光大烟汽模相结合的原则，使每个人都认识到烟汽模的发展就是自己的伟大理想，而反馈给人才的是合理的精神面貌和烟汽模的经济效益，提供给每个有志者发展的空间、环境和条件，在此方针的指导下烟汽模人的精神面貌和经济效益得到了日新月异的提高。

Contract:This article disausses the principal of main steam temperature control system according the problems in running,including the unreasonable main steam pressure set point volue,hot air injection flow is not acciurate,Charge of steam temperature has the big delay and the common PID can′t satisfy the regulate′s demandthen take the according measures,adopt smith predictor,change to ABB intelligent positioner,add the hot air injection antiblock device,test the main steam temperature automation and optimization the specificator.

中国国电集团公司菏泽发电厂热工，山东摘要：本文论述汽温控制系统组成原理，针对运行中发现的问题，包括一次风母管压力自动设定值设计不合理，导致主汽温度和再热汽温度变化幅度加大，底部注入风量和汽温参数测量不准确，汽温变化迟延大，常规PID满足不了调节要求，采取了相应措施，改用史密斯预测器，更换为ABB定位器，增加底部注入风量等测点防堵装置，并对主汽温自动进行试验和参数优化。

The function of air ejector: The air in the shell must be extracted by air ejector since the commencement of condenser due to the vacuum condition for condenser. During the operation of condenser, the air carried by exhaust steam of steam turbine and the air leaked from imperfect vacuum system must be continuously extracted so as to maintain the condenser vacuum.

抽气器的作用：由于凝汽器处于真空条件下工作，所以在凝汽器开始运行时，必须要用抽气器将其壳体内的空气抽出以建立真空；并在凝汽器运行过程中，将汽轮机排汽中夹带的空气和从真空系统不严密处漏入的空气不断抽出，以维持凝汽器的真空。

In order to establish the complete dynamic simulation model for the heat recovery steam generator and develop an advanced drum level controller, the methods of probability and time series were used to analyze the field data on drum level sloshing noise. The mean value of the drum level was removed and the field data was de-trended to get the true sloshing noise. Meantime, the AR model was set up for the drum level sloshing noise, and simulation results show that the model realizes matching simulation of the drum level noise signals in the power spectrum. The model can also match the drum level noise successfully in the time domain.

为建立完整的余热锅炉系统动态仿真模型，并基于此模型开发先进水位控制器，采用概率统计和时间序列分析的方法，对现场采集的汽包水位晃荡噪声信号进行了分析，去除汽包水位均值和趋势以获得真实的汽包水位晃荡噪声，建立了相应的汽包水位晃荡噪声仿真AR模型；模型的仿真结果表明：AR模型从功率谱上对信号数据进行了匹配模拟，且使用该模型作为噪声模块在时域上对汽包水位晃荡噪声信号进行了成功匹配。

As an important auxiliary machine of turboset, condensing equipment serves as the cold source during thermal circulation of condensing turboset in the power plant and plays an important role in security, economy and operation of the power plant, mainly aiming at condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine into water, setting up and maintaining a certain vacuum degree in the air extraction outlet of steam turbine, and also conveying condensation water to steam generator so as to reuse.

凝汽设备是汽轮机组的一个重要辅机，在电厂凝汽式汽轮机组的热力循环中，凝汽设备起着冷源的作用，它对整个电厂的安全、经济运行具有重要作用。它的主要任务是将汽轮机排汽凝结成水，在汽轮机排汽口建立与维持一定的真空度；并把凝结水送回蒸汽发生器继续使用。

The development of the Company in Shenzhen have been seven or eight years, the company funds the strength of Division I professional production: bubble bag, steam beads BAG and EPE manufacturers produce a wide range of steam beads packing material (single surface bubble sheet; double-sided bubble sheet; single bubble bag; double bubble bag; single / double-sided bubble BAG organ; Quartet BAG) and EPE packing material (pearl cotton sheet; EPE BAG; EPE laminating bag, EPE composite bubble) all kinds of plastic bags and so on.

本公司在深圳发展已有七、八年，公司资金实力雄厚，我司是专业生产：汽泡袋，汽珠袋）与珍珠棉的厂家，可生产各式各样的汽珠包装材料（单面汽泡片材；双面汽泡片材；单面汽泡袋；双面汽泡袋；单/双面风琴汽泡袋；四方袋）和珍珠棉包装材料（珍珠棉片材；珍珠棉袋；珍珠棉复膜袋，汽泡复合珍珠棉）各种胶袋等。

Bubble film / bubble bag full range of: single / double-sided ordinary bubble bags, anti-static bubble bags, bubble film material environmental protection photochemical / bubble bag, large / medium / small-bubble bubble bag ( diameter 5MM/10MM/25MM/30MM), complex black conductive film bubble bags, bubble film review All EPE, bubble membrane coating, as well as a variety of colors of various specifications thickening, add hardware bubble bag, single / composite double-sided aluminum foil bubble volume, composite color aluminum bubble envelope bag, single / double-sided double-layer aluminum foil bubble volume restoration, rehabilitation red aluminum anti-static bubble bag, single / double-sided composite steam packing bubble volume, single / double-sided bubble bag, bubble bag thickening environmental protection, rehabilitation aluminum bubble bags, milk membrane complex vapor bubble envelope bag, high-grade kraft paper bubble envelope bag, all kinds of special composite membrane bubble bag, print bubble bag, bubble bag special.

汽泡膜/汽泡袋全系列：单/双面普通汽泡袋、防静电汽泡袋、环保光化料汽泡膜/汽泡袋、大/中/小泡泡汽泡袋（直径5MM/10MM/25MM/30MM）、复黑色导电膜汽泡袋、汽泡膜覆合珍珠棉、镀膜汽泡膜以及各种颜色各种规格的加厚、加硬汽泡袋、单/双面复合铝箔汽泡卷、复合彩色铝膜汽泡信封袋、单/双面双层复铝箔汽泡卷、复铝膜红色防静电汽泡袋、单/双面复合镭射膜汽泡卷、单/双面汽泡袋、加厚环保汽泡袋、复铝膜汽泡袋、复奶膜汽汽泡信封袋、高档牛皮纸汽泡信封袋、复合各种特殊膜汽泡袋、印刷汽泡袋、各种特殊汽泡袋。

In order to make the right evaluation of the state which is the consumption consume of the steam line system, we make an test of the heat loss of the steam line network. And we also probe into the heat loss of the steam line system and the factors. In order to solve the heat inefficency of the steam line system, we look into the present situation of the steam line network and the state of heat preservation. Then we found the open questions and the weak points of heat preservation. We make the evaluation and affirm the reason of the heat inefficency of the system. We adopted the combination of bench test and engineering optimization, then we screened out high-quality adiabator, and designed the best heating composition. We designed and developed the software"The analysis and optimization of energy of the steam line system in thermal production" It can offer convenience to the computational analysis of heat loss of the steam line system. It can also be used for design calculation and experimental verification of steam pipeline feasible radial-radius, so it can offer technical support for the reduce of heat loss of the system, the raise of well head steam quality and the raise of heat efficicency of the steam injection system.

为了对输汽系统的用能状况作出正确的分析评价，对输汽管线热损失进行了测试计算，对输汽系统热量损失及影响因素进行了探讨；为了解决输汽系统热效率低的问题，从输汽管网现状及管道保温状况调查入手，掌握存在的问题和保温薄弱环节，做出分析评价，确认导致系统热效率低的原因，采用室内试验与工程优化相结合的办法，筛选出优质保温材料，设计最优保温结构，同时设计开发了&热采输汽系统能量分析及优化软件&，为输汽系统热量损失计算分析和保温结构优化提供了方便，还对输汽管线合理辐射半径进行了设计计算及实验验证，从而为降低系统的热能损失，提高井口蒸汽干度，提高注汽系统的热效率提供了技术支持。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了