污水

The study will provide useful data on hygienic status of hospital sewage, both treated and untreated. We will also explore new methods of detecting water virus. Methods: Eleven hospitals were selected and sewage from those hospitals was investigated. Items chosen for analysis include the content of general chemicals, animalcule and virus, etc.

本研究通过对某市市区的11家医院处理的污水进行卫生学调查，检测医院污水中一般化学物、微生物、病毒的含量，了解排放的污水中各种污染物的分布情况，通过对不同类型的医院污水的检测，比较各种消毒处理'方法的消毒处理效果。

Through analysis of the components of coking on different parts of desullfur system of single tower and the waste water containing sulfur , we find the cause of coking in the stripping desulur system from single tower is the polymerization reaction of carbohydrate and the separattion of varied solid powders, organic compounds, and all corrosive productions of metal out of waste water in high temperature, therefore,the solving method is how to decrease the oil content ,how to depolymerize form the carbohydrate and how to antisepticize by vapour of waste water.

对单塔脱硫系统中不同部位的垢物及现场催化含硫污水进行了分析测定，结果表明：塔内污垢成分及含量随塔体部位的不同而不尽相同，单塔汽提脱硫系统中垢物的形成，主要是由于污水中所含各类粉尘、有机物、金属腐蚀物等在高温下因石油碳氢化合物的析出及其单体的聚合反应所致。如何降低污水中的含油成分、减少聚合反应的生成、防止污水蒸气对塔体材料的腐蚀，是阻垢、除垢和防垢应解决的关键问题。

In order to meet the discharge norm of the contamination concentration limit, zone generalized predictive control is adopted which transforms the conventional quadratic objective of the MPC into a linear programming with soft constraints; besides, considering the wastewater treatment plants energy-saving targets, a multi-objective predictive control is formulated and finally hierarchical multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied for on-line optimization solution.

根据污水处理过程的实际要求，为了满足氮浓度的排放标准区间要求，研究了污水处理过程的区间广义预测控制策略，把预测控制的常规二次目标转化为带软约束问题的线性优化问题；同时考虑到污水处理的能耗，在出水水质目标之上建立了能耗最小目标，得到了污水处理的多目标预测控制，最后采用分层多目标优化算法进行在线优化求解，得到污水处理过程的多目标预测控制。

Separation and purification of microorganism, advanced wastewater treatment technology, RO technology (especially for various anti-pollution and low-press reverse osmose membrane), as well as other new physical and chemical sewage treatment technology, phosphorus and nitrogen desorbed from living waste technology, new type of electrochemistry sewage treatment technology and special electrode development.

污水生化处理高效微生物分离提纯，污水深度处理技术，膜过滤技术（特别是各种高通量抗污染低压反渗透膜），以及其它新的污染物高去除率污水物理化学处理技术，生活污水磷、氮高效脱除技术，新型电化学污水处理技术与特殊电极研发。

At the same, in view of the complication and great variation of heavy oil sewage quality, a new and high effective treatment process is developed.b. Al kind of contradictions in treating the heavy oil sewage are tried to consider systematically and perspectively, and try to avoid the negative effect brought about by the new process.c. When we analyze the contradictions in treating the heavy oil sewage, we combine the oil removal part, suspending material removal part and SlOa removal part to solve the specific problems by taking one anothers advantages and try to do the test repeatedly under the possible conditions.

广泛借鉴国内外稠油污水处理现有的研究成果和经验，并在此基础上努力发展新的思路，针对稠油污水水质复杂、变化较大的特性，探讨开发高效的净水药剂研究具有简捷、高效、耐冲击特点的新工艺；(2)努力从系统的、全面的角度考察和解决稠油污水处理工艺存在的各种矛盾关系，避免新工艺可能带来的负效应；(3)在分析稠油污水处理工艺中各种矛盾关系时，把除油部分、除悬浮物部分、除硬度部分、除二氧化硅部分有机的结合起来，借助各自的优势解决相应的具体问题。

The forecasted total wastewater volume in 2020 is 28 104 m3/d . It is put forward that a classification treatment mode is used to realize integration of centralized and decentralized treatment. The construction of four centralized wastewater treatment plants named Baozhen, Xinhe, Chengqiao and Changxing is proposed. For the wastewater from other towns and centralized residential areas, the small decentralized ecological treatment modes such as constructed wetlands are used. The courtyard treatment mode is used for the wastewater from the rural arear.

预测三岛地区至2020年的污水总量约为为28 104m3/d ；提出采用&分级治理&的模式，以真正实现污水集中与分散处理相结合的方式；建议崇明三岛建设堡镇、新河、城桥、长兴等4座集中式污水处理厂，其余城镇和集中居住区的污水采用人工湿地等小型生态化治理方式分散处理，广大农村地区的污水则推广庭院式治理方式。

From now on, sewage has been important water source for irrigated district near outskirts of cities, especially droughty territory of north china, where the scarcity of water has been the main factor influencing human lives and economic development there.

然而盲目使用污水进行灌溉会引起各种形式的污染问题，虽然其中某些形式的污染是可以通过污水预处理避免的，如可以通过对污水的二级处理消除污水中的重金属元素等，但是对于如何消除污水中非金属类污染物则比较困难。

A combined technology of ' tertiary treatment - ecological purification - in situ remediation' was proposed to reutilize the secondary treatment effluent with assured water quality and ecological safety of the urban rivers.

通过对相关案例和水质标准的分析，阐述深度处理和生态净化对污水景观河道回用的重要意义；提出改善回灌河道水质和确保生态安全的城市污水&三级处理+生态净化+河道修复&工艺；以宁波市南区污水处理厂污水再生回用工程工艺设计为例，从河道水体现状、再生水水质水量、投资与效益及配套保障措施等方面，探讨采用该工艺进行城市污水尾水再生和景观河道回灌，实现生态环境利用的技术经济可行性。

On the basis of having briefly retrospected developing history of the eco-treatment technology,future development and trends in the field were viewed aiming at the promotion of technical innovation of wastewater treatment and the wide use of the system in various areas,thus providing scient.

对污水的生态处理原理进行扼要论述，对污水的生态处理技术体系进行较为全面地概括，并就目前的应用条件与适用范围进行了阐述，在简要回顾污水的生态处理技术发展历史的基础上对该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望，以推进污水生态处理系统的技术创新和在我国各地区的广泛应用，为全面实施污水处理与水资源综合利用相结合的污水无害化与资源化战略提供科学依据与技术支撑。

Through analyzing the discharges situation and characteristic of municipal domestic sewage, it is discovered that municipal domestic sewage has become the major pollutive source of water body pollution; But the present pattern that municipal sewage is centralized to the terminal of drainage network to process do not adapt domestic sewage treatment and reuse, through contrasting the centralism treatment and the decentralized treatment, this paper has established the feasible pattern which purifies and reuses municipal domestic sewage in original site for the residential areas unit.

通过对近几年城市生活污水排放情况以及生活污水特点的分析，发现城市生活污水已成为水体污染的主要污染源；而现阶段城市排水管网终端集中处理的模式，已不适应城市生活污水的处理和回用，经过对集中处理与分散处理的对比论证，建立了以小区为单元的城市生活污水原位净化再用的可行模式。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。