汉语

This paper aims to compare the subjective modal meanings of adjectival suffixes of Russian and Chinese in order to shed light on the meanings of the affixes and those of word formation in the two languages.

本文以俄汉语形容词后缀为切入点，通过对比俄汉语形容词后缀在附加意义上的异同，可以得出结论：俄汉语形容词后缀均可附加评价、情感和修辞色彩，但又各具有特点。

He propels multi-syllables in Chinese,spreads the word formation of affixation and adds new meaning to many old Chinese words.

利玛窦对汉语词汇的发展做出了显著的贡献，主要表现在推动汉语复音化进程，促进附加式构词方式的发展，给汉语旧词灌注新义三个方面。

The author attempts to explore, in the light of the generative mechanism and the two-character formula, the process of semantisation and, as the result, she specifies two kinds of mechanism: the prototypic mechanism and the contraction mechanism, by which the rules of semantisation are concluded and tested with cases of semantisation from history.

一汉语编码机制的特点：字族和双字格局从造字到组字是汉语编码机制的一次重大调整，结果是汉语语汇的单字编码格局解体，而字组的双字格局则成为汉语语汇的主流(徐通锵，2001)。

ER semantics contributes to correcting segmentation ambiguity and partially solving unlogged words problem at segmentation stage, to generating semantic consistent grammar trees and reducing parsing ambiguity at parsing stage, to simplifying semantic process at semantic process stage.

为了更好地了解用户使用中文进行数据库查询的句式以及从中抽取一定的语法规则，我们进行了用户使用受限汉语书写数据库查询语句的调查和分析，然后在此基础上我们设计了一种新的文法GWERSC，其非终结符集合不仅采用了现代汉语的文法符号，如名词短语、助词等，同时还采用了与数据库概念紧密相关的实体、属性、联系等语义符号，这样就把现代汉语尤其是受限汉语的知识和数据库知识紧密结合起来，既有利于文法分析又简化了语义处理。

Four aspects are studied in this paper: the study of non-linear syllable theory of the analysis ofdengyunxue of the syllabic structure of Chinese character, the study of the distinctive feature theory of the four types of the articulation of initials, the study of the markedness theory of the devoicing of the fully voiced initials and the study of the feature geometry theory of the correlates between the devoicing of the fully voiced initials and tonal change. Through our studies, conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1) Contemporary phonological theories can be used to elucidate the principle of Chinese dengyunxue;(2) Contemporary phonological theories can be used to explain the historical phonetic change of Chinese;(3) Different theories and methods of contemporary phonology should be applied to deal with different problems of Chinese phonology;(4) The application of contemporary phonological theories to the study of the historical phonetic change of Chinese is helpful to test and verify the universalizability of these theoretical hypotheses

通过对等韵字音结构分析的非线性音节理论研究、声纽四等的区别特征理论研究、全浊声母清化的标记理论研究和浊音清化与声调演变相互关系的特征架构理论研究等四项初探，揭示了：（1）当代音系理论可以阐明汉语等韵学学理；（2）当代音系理论可以解释汉语历史音变现象；（3）不同的汉语音韵问题，应该用不同的当代音系理论方法来研究；（4）当代音系理论在汉语历史音变研究中的运用，有助于验证其理论假设的普适性

Viewing the status of modern Chinese, The present situation of modern Chinese was formed mainly because of the Vernacular's "Europeanized" of May 4th movement. A lot of words and phrases we used today which was formed in the period of May 4th or even earlier. And the grammar of modern Chinese was also constructed on the basis of the "Europeanized" Chinese Grammar of May 4th.

从我们今天现代汉语的现状来看，五四白话文的&欧化&是促成当今现代汉语面貌的重要因素，我们现在所使用的词语很多是五四时期或更前翻译、创造的新词语；我们现代汉语的语法也是在五四欧化汉语语法的基础上建立的。

On the external characteristics of language, Chinese May 4th "Europeanized" was showed mainly on two aspects: Firstly, a large number of new words and phrases carrying modern western ideology were systematically translated or created. Secondly, in the range of Chinese could be allow to change, the Western grammar was referenced and transplanted into China, which changed the structure of Chinese grammar and make Chinese expression more precision.

从语言的外部特征来说，五四汉语的&欧化&主要集中在两个方面：一是在词汇上，系统地翻译或创造了大量承载西方近代思想的新名词；二、借鉴、移植西语语法，在汉语可以变动的范围内，改造汉语语法结构，使汉语表达趋于精密。

First, from the particularity of modern Chinese and modern literature and with "modern" and "western" background in the creating and developing periods of Chinese language and literature, the interactive relationship between language and culture in the sense of modern Chinese will be expounded on the basis of the textual research on the history. Second, three basic sentence patterns which formed in the interaction between language and literature, such as colloquialism, westernization and poetizing will be probed into according to the different reference frames of the development of modern literature.

本论文在对现代汉语和现代文学的动态对话关系的把握中，力图在现有研究成果的基础上用翔实的资料和充分的论证进行这样几方面的工作：一、从现代汉语和现代文学的特殊出生出发，把&现代&和&西方&作为汉语和文学在创制和发展期间的时空背景，在考证史实的基础上对现代汉语意义上的文学与语言间互动关联进行论述。

Many Engish have been brought into Chinese ,acording to the popularity of these words in campus I classify them into five sorts: the first one is transliteration, use Chinese words which have the same pronunciation with English to transimit the English word directly.the second one is calque, use subsistent Chinese words to transimit English words according to their word-building.the third one is the abbreviative English words.

许多英语借词进入了汉语，根据借词在大学校园中的流行程度，将其分为五类：第一类是音译词，即用汉语中与某英语单词发音相似的字直接译出该英语词。第二类为直译词，即用汉语中已经存在的字对应英语词汇的构词方式直接把英语词汇译出来。第三类词是在汉语中直接出现的英语缩略词。

The dialect can provide plentiful references for Chinese research and the numeral expressions as well as the quantity of the plural mark in Chinese dialectal personal pronoun are quite rich, therefore it has the vital significance to study Chinese plural pattern from the personal pronoun system of Chinese dialect, which may deepen the understanding to the question of Chinese plural pattern and promote the further study of pronoun system.

方言为汉语的研究提供殷实的土壤，方言中人称代词复数标记数量多、表现形式丰富，因此从汉语方言人称代词的复数表现形式来研究汉语的复数形态问题可以深化对汉语复数形态问题的认识，推动对代词系统的进一步研究。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。