求面积

Sea area measurement usually uses GPS timely processing the position data for the boundary of sea area, and then calculates the sea area of anomalistic area.

海域面积是一个封闭且不规则的曲面区域，对海域面积测算通常是先使用GPS定时测定待测海域边界位置点的地理坐标，再求取其围成的不规则曲面区域的面积。

This article focuses on the line-line, line-region and region-region topological relations algorithm, which come down to the same question: whether there are intersections between line and line. The sweep-line algorithm was studied by many people, but has some deficiencies to be improved, in order to handle some special cases and increase program efficiency. My works as follows: rectangular envelope to reduce executive times , vector cross multiplication to determine intersection between line and line, coordinates and slope method to deal with some special cases. C program examples are showed together.(5) Finally, to prove capability and efficiency of the model and calculation method, some test systems are developed. For example, complex spatial topological relation query, parcels' exact area with the area of linear object reduced in land use, quality inspection to cadastral data according to topological rule, spatio-temporal change query of cadastral data.

将线线、线面、面面之间的拓扑关系实现的算法归结为线与线之间求交的基本问题；为处理一些特殊的拓扑关系情况，提高扫描线算法的效率，探讨了包络矩形粗滤、判断线线是否相交的矢量叉乘法、线节点重合或共线的斜率坐标判断法等改进方法；同时还设计了一种新的节点微小圆求交的算法，可应用于图斑与线状地物细分拓扑关系及地类面积的计算；（5）本文设计了实验系统，包括复杂对象的拓扑关系表达与计算程序、图斑地类面积的计算程序、基于空间拓扑关系规则的地籍数据库质量检查功能，以及时空拓扑关系和变化语义分析等原型，验证了拓扑关系表达模型和计算方法的可行性和实用性。

Automotive frontal area is projected area of automobile driving direction,which is necessary parameter of measuring automotive air drag coefficient.

汽车迎风面积是指汽车在行驶方向的投影面积，汽车迎风面积是求汽车空气阻力系数的必需参数。

Leastsquare method and Lagrange's interpolation formula see their applicationsfor fitting fore-and-aft lines-whose aim is to calculate the intersection point ofequivalent inclined waterline-and differences. In order to replace theinconvenient alternate conduct of drawing and calculating, improvement hasbeen introduced into the paper which means all work can be done bycomputer. Capacity calculation cannot be done without boundary layer build-up. Fit every area curve and area moment curve is necessary because ofinterpolation.

在第二章中，给出了B样条函数的数学表达形式，推导了B样条曲线下所围面积、面积矩公式；讨论了最小二乘法和拉格朗日插值法的数学形式，并在拟合船体型线上给出首、尾轮廓线的具体实例，对比不同方法进行拟合的差异，其目的是为了求得与等体积倾斜水线的交点；而水线的确定改变了以往人工作图与计算交替进行的不足，尝试用计算机完全代替人工作图，以求有所改进；在舱容计算中，在至少包括舱室前、后壁的范围内拟合横剖面积、面积矩曲线，插值求得任一纵向位置处的剖面，以解决舱室边界条件。

In fact, the area of the steel plate is the area of the parallelogram.

生：求钢板的面积就上求平行四边形面积。

From commonly used equation of calculating plane figure quadrature, formulas of calculating plane figure quadrature by applying curve parametric equation can be deduced.

从由曲线普通方程求平面图形面积的公式出发推出在各种情形下由曲线参数方程求平面图形面积的公式。

The method resolved the defects caused by common methods with planimeter on calculating area, which produce low precision and require complicated operations and much workload.

该方法解决了用求积仪等常规方法求取面积时所存在的精度偏低、操作繁琐、工作量大等缺点，用这种方法在面积确定过程中自动化程度高，具有方便、灵活、实用的特点。

The frist step is selecting any gage that building in the river basin as rainfall center, and adding the nearest rain gauge step by step to calculate the point and areal rainfall for different size of area. Using different gage that in the river basin as rainfall center can get the result of different case.

研究中，先以某个雨量站当成点降雨中心，并逐次纳入邻近雨量站，即可分别得到不同面积下之点降雨及区域面积降雨，依序置换不同雨量站为中心进行相同之分析，即可得到所有可能组合案例之分析结果，利用Gamma分布可进一步推求不同重现期距之点降雨及区域面积雨量，即可建立研究区域之ARF。

Fifteen japonica and 15 indica rice cultivars were grown in the field for two crop seasons both in Taipei and Taichung. Samples were taken at 4 different growth stages (booting, heading, milky and dough stage) during each season to obtain data of leaf atea index, leaf area duration, leaf N concentration, the amount of dry matter accumulated , crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate.

本试验以稉秈稻各十五个品种为材料，分别於台北及台中进行两期作之田间试验，并於孕梗期、抽梗期、乳熟期及糊熟期取样，测定叶片氮素浓度、叶面积及总乾物重，并求叶面积指数、叶面积持续期、作物生长速率及净同化率。

The key technique of the method is to make full use of the information from the present oil prospecting and exploitation database and to calculate the coordinates of the acmes of the block boundary according to reserves and block area and reserves with computer.

该方法解决了用求积仪等常规方法求取面积时所存在的精度偏低、操作繁琐、工作量大等缺点，用这种方法在面积确定过程中自动化程度高，具有方便、灵活、实用的特点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。