水轮机

The study shows the BP neural network model of hydro-turbine for s pecial discharge and special torque can be used to describe its nonlinear charac teristic and ensure the continuity of derivative function of special discharge. The convergence for hammer calculating is improved.

水轮机单位流量和单位力矩特性的BP神经网络模型能真实地表达水轮机的非线性特性，且解决了插值法的导数不连续问题，从而改善了水击计算的收敛性，为用于工程计算和科学分析的水轮机特性表达开辟了新的途径。

The study shows the neural network model of hydro turbine can describe its nonlinear characteristic really and ensures the continuity of its derivative function, so improved the convergence for hammer calculating and is a better description of hydro turbine hill chart for science research and engineering design.

利用所述方法建立的水轮机特性神经网络模型能真实地表达水轮机的特性，并且解决了插值法的导数不连续问题，从而确保了水击计算的收敛性，为用于工程计算和科学分析的水轮机特性表达开辟了新的途径。并利用所建立的数学模型，开发了基于MATLAB的可视化软件仿真平台。

A simplified method was proposed to deal with the boundary condition at the turbine unit for transient calculation. This method is based on the statistical analysis of turbine hill chart and the Eular equation for water turbines. According to the Eular equation, the basic geometry parameters of the turbine, such as guide vane opening a, blade outlet angle β2, the relative blade width of outletb2, the relative height of wicket gateb0 and the relative turbine exit radiusr2 are obtained through curvilinear regression of the water turbine hill charts.

为解决目前水轮机过渡过程计算中确定水轮机边界条件时通常使用的外特性法和内特性法的不足之处，结合这2种方法的优点，提出一种在水轮机过渡过程计算中处理水轮机边界条件的方法，即根据综合特性曲线的数据，利用统计分析方法和水轮机基本理论公式，计算水轮机基于内特性解析方程的基本参教，如出流角α、转轮出口安放角β、转轮出口相对宽度b2、导叶相对高度b0、转轮出口相对半径r2，在特性曲线上的规律。

It is proved that the flow of silt-laden liquid is a separate flow, namely,the flow rate and flow angle of silt and liquid are nonidentical in hydraulic turbine. The greater the mass content of silt,the greater is their D-value. Moreover,it is point out that the efficiency of hydraulic turbine operated with ...

推证了含沙水流在水轮机中流动时，其沙子和液体的流动属于分离流动，即沙子和液体的运动速度和运动角是不相同的，且沙子质量越大，差值越大；并指出在水头相同时，水中含沙时水轮机的效率一般低于清水时的效率；进而分析了水轮机各过流部件的泥沙摩损规律。

Any flows greater than the capacity of the low flow diversion pipeline then flow into the park.The authors present an e'ectrical method by use of the pressure dif- ference transducer with the pitot tube which is installed in the pens- tock of prototype turbine to search for the law of dynamic flow unde?

作者提出一种装置在原型水轮机压力引水管道上的皮托管经差压应变传感器的电测方法，用以测量水轮机过渡过程中的动态流量变化规律；采用这种方法，首先在三座水电站中对原型水轮机各种过渡过程的动态流量变化规律进行了测量，并获得了较为满意的结果。

Cavitations in foreign hydraulic turbines appear in clear water condition, so its destructive extent is not far more serious than in Yellow River hi our country. Stronger stiffness and more agility are required for Special-purpose robot for hydraulic turbine repair used in our country. Foreign robot for hydraulic turbine repair could not satisfy our working require, so we develop special-purpose robot system that is used to polish and weld repair cavitate flow path surfaces of hydraulic turbines on all location.

国外水电站的水轮机汽蚀是在清水条件下产生的，其破坏程度远不及我国黄河等水域严重，用于我国水轮机修复工作的专用机器人，要求有更强的刚度和更大的灵活性，国外水轮机修复机器人满足不了我国水轮机修复工作的要求，因此我们开发了用于在机坑内对水轮机空蚀磨损破坏表面进行修复的&水轮机修复专用机器人&。

The judgement system of hydroturbine governor is given based on the specification, and mainly judge the technics of some hydroturbine governor that made in China. Evaluates the benefit of the new hydroturbine governor.

在水轮机调速器的技术规程的基础上，建立了水轮机调速器的技术评价体系，并对国产的几种典型水轮机调速器进行了技术评价，便于用户正确选型。

Based on the 3D time-average Navier-Stokes equations, k-ε model was used to simulate the 3D turbulent flow field of whole flow passage in the Francis turbine including guide wickets, runner and draft tube. The energy performance and cavitation performance were predicted from the simulation results, and the calculated data were compared with the results of hydraulic turbine model experiment. The calculation of turbine efficiency and the measured efficiency was very closed and the maximal relative error was 0.9%.

该文基于Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε紊流模型，采用贴体坐标和交错网格系统，用SIMPLEC算法对一模型混流式水轮机引水元件、转轮和尾水管进行了联合计算与转轮单流道计算，数值模拟了水轮机各通流元件内部三维湍流流场，预测了水轮机的能量性能和空化性能，并与水轮机模型试验结果进行了对比。

The transient conditions of hydroturbines. It is the first time to apply this method to three hydro stations in this country for seek the law of dynamic flow changes in varions transient conditions of prototype tur- bines and results are satisfactorily attained.

结合实测结果，对水轮机动态流量与静态流量的关系、水轮机转速变化对动态流量变化规律的影响、水轮机动态流量变化规律与水轮机引水系统压力变化规律的关系以及过渡过程中水轮机动态效率的变化规律等，进行了理论分析。

Foreign robot for hydraulic turbine repair could not satisfy our working require, so we develop special-purpose robot system that is used to polish and weld repair cavitated flow path surfaces of hydraulic turbines on all locations.

国外水电站的水轮机汽蚀是在清水条件下产生的，其破坏程度远不及我国黄河等水域严重，用于我国水轮机修复工作的专用机器人，特别是补焊后承担打磨的机器人，要求有更强的刚度和更大的灵活性，国外水轮机修复机器人满足不了我国水轮机修复工作要求，因此我们开发了用于在机坑内对水轮机空蚀磨损破坏表面进行修复的&水轮机修复专用机器人&。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。