水肿的

Objective To investigate the clinical features, causes of blindness and diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome Methods The data of 157 patients with VKH syndrome were reviewed and analyzed Patients were carefully examined with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, three mirror lens, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and HLA typing Results Headache was noted in 73 5% of these patients Simultaneous involvement of both eyes occurred in 80 8% of these patients Chroiditis,papilledema and edema of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve were noted in 100% of these patients in the posterior uveitis stage, whereas recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis (98 4%),"sunset glow" fundus (95 8%) and Dalen Fuchs nodules (71 2%) were the common ocular findings in the recurrent anterior uveitis stage The common causes of blindness were papillitis, exudative retinal detachment and complicated cataract in the posterior uveitis stage, anterior uveal involvement stage and its recurrent stage Poliosis (36 3%) and alopecia (35 0%) were the most common extraocular findings Early irregular patches of fluorescence, followed by localized hyperfluorescent spots were the typical findings of FFA Dilation of choroidal vessels and leakage of ICG from the choroidal vessels were the common ICGA findings The prevalence of HLA DR4 and HLA DRw53 in patients (54 9% and 71 8% respectively) was significantly higher than that in controls (14 7% and 38 2% respectively) Conclusions VKH syndrome is characterized by chroiditis, papillitis or neuroretinitis in the posterior uveitis stage, followed by a generalized uveitis with a typical recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis Extraocular findings and relevant examinations including FFA, ICGA and HLA typing are helpful to the diagnosis of VKH syndrome

目的探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征患者的临床特征、盲目原因及诊断等有关问题。方法对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析，并对裂隙灯、眼底镜、三面镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原分型等检查结果进行分析。结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例，73.5%)，双眼同时患病118例(80.8%)；后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎、视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%)；前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例，98.4%)、晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%)；后葡萄膜炎期、前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎、视网膜脱离及并发性白内障；毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现；炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光，ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张、通透性增高等改变；VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%)。结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎、视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎，随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎。眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA、ICGA 及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。

Rats with CHF were divided randomly into two groups, one group was injected dexamethasone(1mg /kg) intramuscularly at the first and forth day respectively,the other group was injected equi-volume saline likewise, and observing the changes of symptoms of rats with CHF; measuring rats hemodynamics index including blood pressure, heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 4 days later. Part 2: To measure every group rats myocardialα1、β1、β2、β3-AR density by immunohistochemical method ,and to understand the AR density changes .Taking the first part rats'myocardium tissues for testing myocardialα1、β1、β2、β3-AR density and 5 normal rats for normo-contrast group and taking gray scale of slice as AR density. Part 3: The study enrolled 35 patients with DCHF. Patients were included if they had orthopnea and refractory edema due to acute DCHF that was severe and had taken more 1 week hospitalization and intravenous therapy in addition to diuretics.

观察心衰大鼠的症状，4天后对两组大鼠进行血流动力学检测，检测指标包括血压、心率和左室舒张末压；第二部分：取第一部分实验动物大鼠的心肌组织，并取5只正常大鼠的心肌组织作为正常对照，用免疫组化法检测大鼠心衰前后及糖皮质激素治疗前后大鼠心肌组织肾上腺素能受体α1、β1、β2、β3受体的变化，取镜下切片的灰度值反应受体的密度；第三部分：研究对象为临床难治性心衰病人35例，病人的选择标准包括由于急性失代偿的心力衰竭出现的端坐呼吸，难治性水肿，患者病情严重，住院超过1周，包括利尿剂之外药物的静脉治疗。

Multiple factors participated in the process of secondary brain edema and nerve injuries,such as the hydrostatic pressure during formation of the hematoma and clot retraction, activation of blood coagulation cascade, generation of thrombin,erythrocytolysis and the toxicity of hemoglobin, the activation of the complement system, space-occupying effects, rupture of the blood-brain barrier,secondary ischemia around the hematoma, inflammatory reaction of the neurons around hematoma and cell apoptosis.

脑出血后继发水肿及神经损害有多种因素参与，血肿形成过程中的流体静力压和血凝块的回缩、凝血瀑布的激活、凝血酶的产生、红细胞溶解和血红蛋白的毒性、补体的激活、占位效应、血脑屏障的破坏、血肿周围继发缺血、血肿周围组织神经细胞炎症反应及细胞凋亡等。

In the patient suspected of having acute hemorrhage, long TR, long TE images are critical for demonstration of the overall extent of the lesion, including those regions adjacent to the hemorrhage which are abnormally bright because of infarction, neoplasia, gliosis, other primary pathology or secondary acute edema.

对怀疑有急性出血的患者，长TR，长TE信号影像对于显示整个病变的范围，包括由于梗塞，肿瘤，胶质细胞增生，或其它原发或继发的急性水肿引起的出血邻近的区域异常亮信号的显示起着很关键的作用。

While the tissue spaces surrounding a few blood vessels wasAl and Fg positive,no Al or Fg positive cells were observed.In antemortem injurygroup,diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral edema,swelling or pyknotic neu-rons could be observed.The axons showed irregular swelling and disconnection at1～3h,marked swelling and disconnection at 6h,and retraction ball at 15h whichwas more remarkable at 24h after injury.The space between myelin sheaths andaxons was increased at 3～6h after injury.Tortuous and wavelike myelin sheathswhich adhered on axons incompletely,or even peeled off could be found from 15hto 24h after injury.Perinuclear lysis of Nissl bodies began at 24h after injury.Thenumber of GFAP positive cells in cerebrum and brain-stem increased significantlyfollowed by decrease,and then increased again,but the time courses of the changesin different areas of brain were not same.Al and Fg positive neural cells,mainlysurrounded blood vessels,with diffuse or peripherally distributed positive matter incytoplasm could be observed at 0.5h after injury.The number of Al or Fg positivecells and the intensity of immunoreaction increased with the time of injury.The areaof SYN positivity in medulla oblongata and pons decreased notably 3～6h afterinjury,then return to normal levels and continued to 24h after injury.

生前损伤组，可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血，脑组织水肿，神经细胞肿胀，晚期神经元固缩；伤后1～3h见部分神经轴突不规则增粗、断裂，伤后6h断端膨大，伤后15h可见收缩球，至伤后24h更为明显；伤后3～6h可见部分神经髓鞘与轴突之间的间隙增宽，伤后15h髓鞘明显曲折，不完全附着在轴突两侧，甚至剥脱，持续到伤后24h；核周尼氏体减少在伤后24h才开始出现；同一部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目随损伤时间发生改变，先增多（最早在伤后0.5h），达到高峰后减少，其后又有增多趋势，但不同部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目增减的时间过程不尽相同，同时，大脑中的GFAP阳性细胞数目也有改变；伤后0.5h，可在脑干组织中见到Al和Fg阳性神经细胞，主要位于血管周围，阳性物在胞浆中呈弥散性分布，但部分细胞的阳性物仅分布于靠近胞膜的胞浆中而呈环状，随损伤时间延长，阳性细胞数目增多，反应强度增加；伤后3～6h，延髓及桥脑中的SYN阳性物面积减少，其后恢复到正常水平，并持续到伤后24h。

Results （1） Clinical characteristics included abdominal pain,diarrhea,abdominal distension,nausea,vomiting,low heat and weight,etc.Clinical characteristic symptom relieved with rectification of ketosis and ideally controlling of blood sugar;（2）The counts of acidophil leukocyte in blood and marrow dropped with the relief of symptom ;（3） Endoscopic features concluded mucosal erosion and hydrops,involved the whole stomach,lack of specificity,gastric antrum and ileocecum were more invaded,lots of acidophil leukocytes were seen in biopsy;（4）Hormone,insulin were the first choice to treat eosinophilic gastroenteritis,which could relieve symptom rapidly and reduce acidophil leukocyte to normal;（5）If the diseases recur again and again,the patients should adopt more treatment time,use insulin long time or use immuno-suppressive agent.

结果 （1）患者的临床表现样，包括腹痛、腹泻、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、低热及体重下降等糖尿病酮症的表现；临床症状的缓解随酮症的纠正和血糖控制理想而缓解；（2）外周血和骨髓中嗜酸细胞计随着症状的缓解而下降；（3）内镜下表现多黏膜糜烂和水肿，累及全胃，缺乏特异性，以胃窦和回盲部最常受累，活检可见量嗜酸细胞浸润；（4）激素、胰岛素应用为治疗的线药物，可迅速缓解症状，并使嗜酸细胞恢复正常；（5）病情反复复发的患者可考虑延长激素的治疗时间、长期应用胰岛素或免疫抑制剂。

Results （1） Clinical characteristics included abdominal pain,diarrhea,abdominal distension,nausea,vomiting,low heat and weight,etc.Clinical characteristic symptom relieved with rectification of ketosis and ideally controlling of blood sugar;（2）The counts of acidophil leukocyte in blood and marrow dropped with the relief of symptom ;（3） Endoscopic features concluded mucosal erosion and hydrops,involved the whole stomach,lack of specificity,gastric antrum and ileocecum were more invaded,lots of acidophil leukocytes were seen in biopsy;（4）Hormone,insulin were the first choice to treat eosinophilic gastroenteritis,which could relieve symptom rapidly and reduce acidophil leukocyte to normal;（5）If the diseases recur again and again,the patients should adopt more treatment time,use insulin long time or use immuno-suppressive agent.

结果 （1）患者的临床表现多样，包括腹痛、腹泻、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、低热及体重下降等糖尿病酮症的表现；临床症状的缓解随酮症的纠正和血糖控制理想而缓解；（2）外周血和骨髓中嗜酸细胞计数随着症状的缓解而下降；（3）内镜下表现多为黏膜糜烂和水肿，累及全胃，缺乏特异性，以胃窦和回盲部最常受累，活检可见大量嗜酸细胞浸润；（4）激素、胰岛素应用为治疗的一线药物，可迅速缓解症状，并使嗜酸细胞恢复正常；（5）病情反复复发的患者可考虑延长激素的治疗时间、长期应用胰岛素或免疫抑制剂。

Clinical characteristic symptom relieved with rectification of ketosis and ideally controlling of blood sugar;（2）The counts of acidophil leukocyte in blood and marrow dropped with the relief of symptom ;（3） Endoscopic features concluded mucosal erosion and hydrops,involved the whole stomach,lack of specificity,gastric antrum and ileocecum were more invaded,lots of acidophil leukocytes were seen in biopsy;（4）Hormone,insulin were the first choice to treat eosinophilic gastroenteritis,which could relieve symptom rapidly and reduce acidophil leukocyte to normal;（5）If the diseases recur again and again,the patients should adopt more treatment time,use insulin long time or use immuno-suppressive agent.

结果 （1）患者的临床表现多样，包括腹痛、腹泻、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、低热及体重下降等糖尿病酮症的表现；临床症状的缓解随酮症的纠正和血糖控制理想而缓解；（2）外周血和骨髓中嗜酸细胞计数随着症状的缓解而下降；（3）内镜下表现多为黏膜糜烂和水肿，累及全胃，缺乏特异性，以胃窦和回盲部最常受累，活检可见大量嗜酸细胞浸润；（4）激素、胰岛素应用为治疗的一线药物，可迅速缓解症状，并使嗜酸细胞恢复正常；（5）病情反复复发的患者可考虑延长激素的治疗时间、长期应用胰岛素或免疫抑制剂。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐