水肿性

These results suggest that contusional retinal edema is mainly due to disruption of cells in the outer retinal layer barrier may, in part, play a role in pathogenesis of the retinal edema.

结果表明顿挫伤性视网膜水肿主要由外层视网膜的细胞破坏所早场，血视网膜外屏障的改变在水肿的形成中可能仅起部分作用。

Objective To investigate the clinical features, causes of blindness and diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome Methods The data of 157 patients with VKH syndrome were reviewed and analyzed Patients were carefully examined with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, three mirror lens, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and HLA typing Results Headache was noted in 73 5% of these patients Simultaneous involvement of both eyes occurred in 80 8% of these patients Chroiditis,papilledema and edema of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve were noted in 100% of these patients in the posterior uveitis stage, whereas recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis (98 4%),"sunset glow" fundus (95 8%) and Dalen Fuchs nodules (71 2%) were the common ocular findings in the recurrent anterior uveitis stage The common causes of blindness were papillitis, exudative retinal detachment and complicated cataract in the posterior uveitis stage, anterior uveal involvement stage and its recurrent stage Poliosis (36 3%) and alopecia (35 0%) were the most common extraocular findings Early irregular patches of fluorescence, followed by localized hyperfluorescent spots were the typical findings of FFA Dilation of choroidal vessels and leakage of ICG from the choroidal vessels were the common ICGA findings The prevalence of HLA DR4 and HLA DRw53 in patients (54 9% and 71 8% respectively) was significantly higher than that in controls (14 7% and 38 2% respectively) Conclusions VKH syndrome is characterized by chroiditis, papillitis or neuroretinitis in the posterior uveitis stage, followed by a generalized uveitis with a typical recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis Extraocular findings and relevant examinations including FFA, ICGA and HLA typing are helpful to the diagnosis of VKH syndrome

目的探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征患者的临床特征、盲目原因及诊断等有关问题。方法对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析，并对裂隙灯、眼底镜、三面镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原分型等检查结果进行分析。结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例，73.5%)，双眼同时患病118例(80.8%)；后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎、视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%)；前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例，98.4%)、晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%)；后葡萄膜炎期、前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎、视网膜脱离及并发性白内障；毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现；炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光，ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张、通透性增高等改变；VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%)。结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎、视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎，随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎。眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA、ICGA 及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。

METHODS: The literatures related to the treatment of nephrotic edema were retrieved from the following: Chinese Biological Medicine Database, Chinese Journals Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994-2006), Chinese Technological Periodicals Database (VIP, 1989-2006), Chinese Evidence Biological Medicine/Cochrane Central Database, Cochrane Library Database, MEDLINE (1966-2006), EMBASE (1975-2006), MEDLARS, SCI (1985-2006) and OVID by electron and craft search with the following key words: nephrotic syndrome, edema, recalcitrant edema, refractory edema or resistant nephrotic edema, and treatment, diuretic therapy or human albumin treatment.

以"肾病综合征"、"水肿或顽固性水肿或难治性水肿"、"治疗或利尿治疗"为中文关键词，以"nephrotic edema 或 recalcitrant edema 或 refractory edema 或 resistant nephrotic edema "、"treatment 或diuretic therapy 或 human albumin"为英文关键词，采用电子和手工检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI，1994～2006.12）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（1989～）、中国循证医学/Cochrane 中心数据库、Cochrane图书馆等数据库、MEDLINE(1966.11-2006.2)、EMBASE(1975-2006.12)、MEDLARS、SCI(1985-2006.12)及OVID。

Result: The percentage of hyperdiploid cells, DNA Index and proliferative index were statistically higher in the vascular and the syncytial subtypes of meningioma than those in the fibrous and mixed subtypes, Also those in the severe edema group were higher than those in the moderate, mild and without peritumoral edema groups. The DNA hyperdiploidy were mostly found in the group of giant size tumor, DI and PI in the recurrent menigioma group were significantly higher than those in the nonrecurrent group.

结果：血管型、合体型脑膜瘤超二倍体率、DI和PI显著高于纤维型及混合型；重度水肿组DI、超二倍体率和PI显著高于中、轻及无水肿组；大肿瘤超二倍体率和DI均显著高于中、小肿瘤；复发性脑膜瘤的DI、PI均显著高于非复发组。

Results: The brain fabric was normal without edema, hemorrhage and necrosis in groupⅠ. The brain parenchyma were loose, perivascular canal became widen, some neurocytes bulk and degenerate in groupⅡ. In groupⅢ, the brain injury aggravateed accompanying the lapse of survival time with extreme cerebral edema at 24 h, and colliquative necrosis in the brain parenchyma aparted at 40 h.

结果：Ⅰ组脑组织结构清晰，无水肿、出血、坏死病灶；Ⅱ组脑实质疏松，小血管周隙增宽，部分神经细胞体积增大变性；Ⅲ组随溺水后存活时间的推移，脑损伤程度逐渐加重，其中24h脑水肿最重，40h个别脑实质小灶性液化性坏死。

Piglet edema were first discovered in Britain, is hemolytic E. coli intestinal toxemia, so capillaries or systemic damage to the small blood vessels, increasing permeability and fluid extravasation too much water, to the head, eyelids, Equality ear edema, acute ataxia and death as the main feature of acute infectious diseases, also known as gastrointestinal edema pigs or pig intestinal toxemia E. coli, a highly lethal disease.

仔猪水肿病最早发现于英国，是由溶血性大肠杆菌引起肠毒血症，而使全身毛细血管或小血管受到破坏，通透性增大，水液外渗过多，造成的以头部、眼睑、耳部等处水肿、共济失调和急性死亡为主要特征的急性传染病，又称猪胃肠水肿或猪大肠杆菌肠毒血症，有高度致死性疾病。

All the lesions were quite large in volume,and the largest one was 6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm.All the lesions locate close to the convexity of brain,and the meninges around the lesions were not incrassation and enhancement.All the supratentorial lesions were regular in shape,well demarked,and often with slight peritumoral edema in 6 cases and no edema in 2 cases.The lesions demonstrated long T1 and long T2 signal intensity,mixed signal intensity on T1WI and T2WI.Small cystic degeneration could be seen in 2 cases.

本组病例肿块均较大，均位于脑实质内，占位效应明显，最大者为6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm，最小者为4.5cm×3.8cm×3.8cm；位置表浅，邻近脑膜，但周围脑膜无明显增厚；肿块形态：类圆形6例，不规则形2例；肿块边缘清楚；均匀实性肿块6例，肿块内可见囊性改变2例；肿块周围可见轻度水肿6例，2例肿块周围无水肿；肿块信号相对均匀，T1WI呈稍低或低信号，T2WI呈稍高或高信号，其中2例肿块内可见脑脊液样T1、T2信号影；肿块呈均匀强化6例，环状强化2例。

Results The 8 cases of supratentorial lesions included temporal lobe lesion in 4 cases,occipital lobe,fronto-occipital lobe,fronto-parietal lobe,parietal lobe,frontal lobe in each 1 case.All the lesions were quite large in volume,and the largest one was 6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm.All the lesions locate close to the convexity of brain,and the meninges around the lesions were not incrassation and enhancement.All the supratentorial lesions were regular in shape,well demarked,and often with slight peritumoral edema in 6 cases and no edema in 2 cases.The lesions demonstrated long T1 and long T2 signal intensity,mixed signal intensity on T1WI and T2WI.Small cystic degeneration could be seen in 2 cases.

本组病例肿块均较大，均位于脑实质内，占位效应明显，最大者为6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm，最小者为4.5cm×3.8cm×3.8cm；位置表浅，邻近脑膜，但周围脑膜无明显增厚；肿块形态：类圆形6例，不规则形2例；肿块边缘清楚；均匀实性肿块6例，肿块内可见囊性改变2例；肿块周围可见轻度水肿6例，2例肿块周围无水肿；肿块信号相对均匀，T1WI呈稍低或低信号，T2WI呈稍高或高信号，其中2例肿块内可见脑脊液样T1、T2信号影；肿块呈均匀强化6例，环状强化2例。

Results The 8 cases of supratentorial lesions included temporal lobe lesion in 4 cases,occipital lobe,fronto-occipital lobe,fronto-parietal lobe,parietal lobe,frontal lobe in each 1 case.All the lesions were quite large in volume,and the largest one was 6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm.All the lesions locate close to the convexity of brain,and the meninges around the lesions were not incrassation and enhancement.All the supratentorial lesions were regular in shape,well demarked,and often with slight peritumoral edema in 6 cases and no edema in 2 cases.The lesions demonstrated long T1 and long T2 signal intensity,mixed signal intensity on T1WI and T2WI.Small cystic degeneration could be seen in 2 cases.

本组病例肿块均较，均位于脑实质内，占位效应明显，最大者 6.0cm×5.2cm×6.2cm，最小者为4.5cm×3.8cm×3.8cm；位置表浅，邻近脑膜，但周围脑膜无明显增厚；肿块形态：类圆形6例，不规则形2例；肿块边缘清楚；均匀实性肿块6例，肿块内可见囊性改变2例；肿块周围可见轻度水肿6例，2例肿块周围无水肿；肿块信号相对均匀，T1WI呈稍低或低信号，T2WI呈稍高或高信号，其中2例肿块内可见脑脊液样T1、T2信号影；肿块呈均匀强化6例，环状强化2例。

METHODS: The literatures related to the treatment of nephrotic edema were retrieved from the following: Chinese Biological Medicine Database, Chinese Journals Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994-2006), Chinese Technological Periodicals Database (VIP, 1989-2006), Chinese Evidence Biological Medicine/Cochrane Central Database, Cochrane Library Database, MEDLINE (1966-2006), EMBASE (1975-2006), MEDLARS, SCI (1985-2006) and OVID by electron and craft search with the following key words: nephrotic syndrome, edema, recalcitrant edema, refractory edema or resistant nephrotic edema, and treatment, diuretic therapy or human albumin treatment.

以&肾病综合征&、&水肿或顽固性水肿或难治性水肿&、&治疗或利尿治疗&为中文关键词，以&nephrotic edema 或 recalcitrant edema 或 refractory edema 或 resistant nephrotic edema &、&treatment 或diuretic therapy 或 human albumin&为英文关键词，采用电子和手工检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI，1994～2006.12）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（1989～）、中国循证医学/Cochrane 中心数据库、Cochrane图书馆等数据库、MEDLINE(1966.11-2006.2)、EMBASE(1975-2006.12)、MEDLARS、SCI(1985-2006.12)及OVID。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐