水生成

The reaction of polyfluoroalkyl iodides with 4-pentenoic acids in the presence of sodium dithionite at room temperature in aqueous acetonitrile solution [CH〓CN: H〓O=3: 1 ] to gave the corresponding adducts, the latter could form γ-lactones 31～51 in the same medium in 62～92％ yield.

室温下，在乙腈/水[3：1]的介质中，多氟烷基碘化物在连二亚硫酸钠的存在下与4-戊烯酸及其在2或3位上具有取代基团的衍生物进行反应，反应2～5h，起先生成两者的加成物，该加成物无需分离，在同一介质中，可进一步反应得到相应的多氟烷基取代的γ-丁内酯31～51，产率62％～92％。

Methods The propylbridged biferrocenyl substituted pyridazinone was synthesized by the reaction of propylbridged biferrocene with ethyl succinyl chloride, and then condensed with hydrazine hydrate.

双二茂铁丙烷先与丁二酸单乙酯酰氯发生酰化反应，生成的1，4酮酸酯再与水合肼缩合得到含有双二茂铁丙烷的哒嗪酮衍生物。

Acoording to the dense system mortar theory sith micromeritics added to cement to produce impermeable gel with expansive property.The expansive concretepossesses both early expansivity (during 14d water cure) and later expansivity (during 286d shrinkage period in air).

依据与水泥生成超细粒致密系统浆体理论，利用天然非金属硅酸盐矿物与水泥形成不透水凝胶体的特有膨胀性能，研制出高抗渗、抗收缩的TEA－膨胀型防水剂。

The main procedure to produce water is hydrogen in gaseous phase to combine oxygen in coal.

氢气氛中热解生成的水多于氮气氛，气相

Our country ethylene diamine mainly uses in producing the agricultural chemicals (woods manganese zinc, dithane Z-78, generation of woods amine and pesticide, weed killer, disinfectant), the surface active agent (lives geminate stearic acid amide, alkyl imidazole lin, double amide, with oxirane, epoxypropane synthesizes non-ionic surface active agent), the epoxy resin firming agent (polyamide resins, epoxy firming agent, hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine and so on), the wash assistant (ethylene diamine four ethanoic acid and sodium salt series chelating agents), medicine raw material (aminophylline, washes must be peaceful, nose eye only, deinsectization spirit and so on), water treatment medicinal preparation (ethylene diamine four methylene phosphonates, second grade trunk base ethylidene two phosphine acids), corrosion inhibitor dye fixing agent, photography materialFixing bath and oil dope and so on.

我国乙二胺主要用于生产农药（森锰锌、代森锌、代森胺及杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂），表面活性剂（生成双硬脂酸酰胺，烷基咪唑啉、双酰胺，与环氧乙烷，环氧丙烷合成非离子表面活性剂），环氧树脂固化剂（聚酰胺树脂，环氧固化剂，羟乙基乙二胺等），洗涤助剂（乙二胺四乙酸及其钠盐系列螯合剂），医药原料（氨茶碱，洗必泰，鼻眼净，灭虫灵等），水处理剂（乙二胺四甲叉膦酸盐，乙脒基乙叉二膦酸），缓蚀剂染料固色剂，照相材料定影液及润滑油添加剂等。

Either sodium picrate, which is converted to sodium isopurpurate, or a freshly prepared solution of guaiacum resin in absolute alcohol which is allowed to dry on the paper and treated with very dilute copper sulphate solution. The latter test-paper turns blue with prussic

acid。苦味酸钠试验：将生药研碎，取0.5g放入试管中，加数滴水润湿，加塞密闭，管口内悬挂一条用碳酸钠溶液润湿的苦味酸试纸，将试管置40～50℃水浴进行酶解，试纸转为砖红色，若是悬挂联苯胺-硫酸铜试纸，则应生成联苯胺氧化物而使试纸变蓝色。

Excessively high temperature causes formation of hemihydrate.

过高温度导致生成半水物。

FGD gypsum further into α-form calcium sulfate hemihydrate by heating in an aqueous solution consisting of some alkail earth metal salts and sulfuric acid or chlorhydric acid at the atmospheric pressure has been studied in this subject.

FGD残渣在碱土金属盐类的盐溶液中，在丁二酸、丙三醇等结晶改良剂的作用下，与大气压下加热脱水生成α半水石膏。

The effects of different factors on the laser-induced graft polymerization on the PET surface were analyzed, and the mechanisms were discussed. The factors were: 1 Monomers with smaller molecules resulted in better modification than polymeric monomers. Acrylamide monomer was chosen as hydrophilic modifier finally; 2 Higher concentration of the monomer solution favored the graft reaction; 3 With the increasing laser fluence, the surface hydrophilicity of PET films increased at first, then decreased. More laser pulses led to a more hydrophilic surface; 4 Benzophenone as a photosensitizer hindered the graft polymerization; 5 The homopolymer retardant of ammonium iron sulfate hexahydrate in a proper concentration retarded the formation of homopolymers and promotes the graft copolymerization; 6 The solvent of monomer solution also affected the graft reaction. Different solvents functioned in different ways. Ethanol can promote the graft reaction because of the activity of hydrogen in its structure; 7 pH value of the monomer solution affects the polymerization rate, and a lower pH value was favorable to the graft reaction.

这些影响因素的作用分别为：1小分子单体的表面改性效果好，确定以丙烯酰胺为亲水性改性单体；2较高的单体溶液浓度有利于接枝反应；3激光能量密度增大，薄膜表面亲水性先显著增强，后又减弱；激光脉冲次数越多，改性后表面亲水性越强；4光敏剂BP对PET表面接枝聚合反应有阻碍作用；5适当浓度的均聚物抑制剂六水合硫酸铁铵能减少单体均聚物的生成，促进接枝聚合；6单体溶液的溶剂也影响接枝聚合的反应进程，不同溶剂的影响作用原理不同，含较活泼氢的乙醇能促进接枝反应；7溶液pH值影响单体聚合速率，pH值较低有利于接枝反应。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。