水溶胶

It was shown that the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 catalysts that were prepared by sol-hydrothermal method was better than that prepared by sol-gel method from the comparison investigations of sol-hydrothermal and sol-gel methods, which result in the better dispersiveness of the former.

通过对溶胶-水热法和溶胶-凝胶法的比较研究，发现溶胶-水热法的制备样品的活性要高于溶胶-凝胶法，分析认为主要与前者的分散性较好有关。

The method comprises:(1) weighing lead acetate hexahydrate and thioacetamide, and preparing aqueous solutions respectively, so that the concentration ratio of Pd2+ to S is 1:(1-4);(2) adding acetic acid into thioacetamide solution to adjust the pH value to 2-4;(3) adding poly surfactant into lead acetate solution, ultrasonicating to mix uniformly and obtain a colorless and transparent sol;(4) mixing the sol and thioacetamide solution;(5) placing the mixed solution in a sealed container, irradiating by 2.5 MeV and 40 mA electron accelerator with irradiation dose of 25-40 Mrad;(6) washing the product, centrifuging for separation, and drying to obtain black PdS nanoparticles.

本发明方法的工艺过程如下：首先称取一定量的六水合醋酸铅和硫代乙酰胺，各自配制成水溶液，其浓度比为使其中的铅离子浓度与硫原子浓度的比例为1∶1～1∶4；在硫代乙酰胺溶液中加入适量醋酸调节其pH值至2～4；醋酸铅溶液中加入少量表面活性剂聚乙烯醇，然后超声振荡，混合均匀，制成无色透明溶胶；随后将溶胶与上述的硫代乙酰胺溶液混合；将该混合液置于密闭容器中，并将其放置于2.5MeV、40mA的电子加速器产生的电子束辐照下进行辐照处理，其辐照剂量为25～40Mrad；然后将反应生成物清洗，并用高速离心机离心分离，然后干燥，最终得到黑色纳米硫化铅颗粒。

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

A sol containing SiO_2 particles was prepared by the base catalyzed hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane through sol-gel process. A solution containing double-chain polymer of methyltriethoxysilane was also prepared under acid condition, as the introducer of water repellence.

通过溶胶-凝胶法，在碱性条件下水解缩聚正硅酸乙酯获得含有SiO2颗粒的溶胶；以甲基三乙氧基硅烷在酸性条件下水解缩聚获得双链聚合物溶液，作为疏水基团的引入剂。

The effects of the amount of catalyst,water and ethanol on the properties of silica sol were investigated.

研究了催化剂、水以及乙醇的加入量对溶胶性质的影响，用粘度、凝胶时间、粒径等对溶胶的性能进行了表征。

Peroxo titanic acid sol; needle-like anatase crystal sol; nano TiO2 thin films; hydrothermal reaction; photocatalysis

过氧钛酸溶胶，针状锐钛矿晶粒溶胶，纳米TiO2薄膜，水热反应，光催化

Silicone/SiO2 organic-inorganic hybrid sol have been prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate as inorganic precursor, methyl triethoxysilane and diphenyl dimethoxy silane as organic precursor, the hydrochloric acid and water as catalysts, by sol-gel method through the hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction.

采用溶胶－凝胶法，以正硅酸乙酯为无机相前驱体，甲基三乙氧基硅烷和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷为有机相前驱体，盐酸和水为催化剂，通过水解－缩聚反应制备了有机硅／SiO2有机－无机杂化溶胶。

The characteristics of the AP include (1) in addition to the formation of hydrogel in aqueous alkaline or polar organic solution, AP can form carbonaceous hydrogel in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions, which extents the application of carbonaceous sol-gel;(2) AP contains a large amount of nitric groups which decomposes quickly by thermal initiation, releasing a large amount of gases and heat, indicating explosive properties of the AP;(3) metal salt-containing AP is also explosible by thermal initiation, and the metal in AP promotes the explosion.

以沥青为碳源，用氧化法制备水性沥青过程中，浓硫酸和浓硝酸的比例、用量、氧化温度及氧化时间对水性沥青的收率皆有影响。经过氧化后，沥青上含有许多含氧官能团，导致水性沥青溶于水。含氧官能团越多，水性沥青越易溶于水。调节制备条件，可使水性沥青不仅可以在碱性水溶液中形成凝胶，而且可以在中性和酸性水溶液中形成溶胶、凝胶，从而拓宽了炭基溶胶—凝胶法制备炭基纳米材料的应用范围。

The fixing and darkening effects on Direct Black GF treated by aqueous silica sol were also discussed in this paper.

本论文对硅的水溶胶用于直接黑GF的固色和增深处理进行了探讨。

Experimental data showed that the aqueous silica sol had excellent fixing and darkening effects on Direct Black GF on cotton.

实验结果显示，硅的水溶胶对直接黑GF有着明显的固色作用和增深作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失