水流

The hydraulic equation describing the transient flow in canal is transformed into a dynamic equation expressing the control procedure. On this basis, the relationship between variation of flow state and gate opening is established.

从明渠控制方程出发，通过数学处理将描述渠道过渡过程的水力学方程转化为描述控制作用的动态方程，从而建立起渠道水流状态变化与闸门开度变化之间的关系。

The existence of unsteady flow during opening sluice gate and during a long time after opening sluice gate was proved through studying the flow in the process of opening sluice gate by using physical model.

利用物理模型对闸门开启过程中水流进行研究，证明了闸门开启过程中和全开之后一段时间内非恒定流的存在。

Furthermore, using standard k-ε double equation turbulence model, it simulates the three-dimensional water movement of the circular and pier shaped cylinder measuring flumes, and makes researches on the discharge coefficient of the cylinder measuring flumes in the larger range.

用标准κ-ε双方程紊流模型，数值模拟圆柱形和桥墩形量水槽三维水流运动，在更大的范围内研究圆柱形和桥墩形量水槽流量系数的变化规律。

Hua Yan, 5 Wan Shan, Longmen, cattle rock back and other mountainous peaks, verdant lush, peaks such as the screen, the fog hanging clouds, granite landforms through long-term water erosion and rock weathering, resulting in more than a rich majestic beauty of the forest park beautiful landscape, mountain Jun steep slope, wall hanging Qiao Ya, deep ravines, Bitan waterfalls, rocks unstable rock and other natural landscapes.

花岩、五云山、龙门山、牛岩背等峰峦叠嶂，青翠葱郁，群峰如屏，挂云锁雾，花岗岩地貌经长期水流侵蚀和岩石风化作用，造成了森林公园丰富多姿容秀美的地貌景观，山峻坡陡，壁峭崖悬，沟壑幽深，碧潭飞瀑、奇石危岩等自然景观。

Get out the hammer and make some rubble! Mix up the sizes, ranging from the sisze of a pea to the size of a ping pong ball, through that on the bottom, and you've created a "rubble bottom", which provides aesthetic interest, foraging for your wrasses and Centropyge angels, protection for larval fishes, and a great surface for attaching coral frags and zoanthids! Don't believe the hype about "detritus accumulation". If you have good husbandry habits, brisk water movement, and some small fishes, there should be little to worry about.

找个锤子敲些碎石，从碗豆大小到乒乓球那么大，以造成反差，然后放在底沙上，这些碎石会带来一种海底世界的感觉，同时龙鱼和仙鱼都会有地方睡觉，并且能够保护仔鱼，大量的石头同时也能够让纽扣碎片很容易的粘上去，不要相信底沙会带来垃圾堆积说法，如果你能用水流轻轻的冲一下，还加上一些小鱼清洁，这绝对不是我们要担心的

The test device using water pipes due to friction generated through sound waves to achieve detection.

该检测装置利用水流过管道由于摩擦产生的声波来实现检测。

Three dimension and turbulent are common characteristic of fluid flow problem in nature and added free surface for the best familiar fluid-water, such as flood discharge flow around frusta of brake in waterpower project, flow around hull in ship engineering, and so on, all have the three characteristics which are the very important study content and aspects in CFD.

摘要自然界中的流体流动问题一般都具有三维性和湍动性，对于最常见的流体—水则同时还拥有自由表面，水利工程中绕闸墩的泄洪水流、船舶工程中的船体绕流等均具有上述流动的三种特性，这三种特性是计算流体力学领域非常重要的研究内容和方向。

On the basic of above job a mathematical model of simulation turbulent flow with free surface is established and triumphantly applied to numerical computation on 2D spillway and 3D spillway with frusta of brake.

自然界中的流体流动问题一般都具有三维性和湍动性，对于最常见的流体—水则同时还拥有自由表面，水利工程中绕闸墩的泄洪水流、船舶工程中的船体绕流等均具有上述流动的三种特性，这三种特性是计算流体力学领域非常重要的研究内容和方向。

3D integer model of spillway and frusta of brake are established and numerical computation of 3D viscous flow over spillway is completed. The influence of frusta of brake for design parameters such as shape of free surface,pressure on dam,flux coefficient is computed aim at type of frusta of brake and disposal on dam and compute result of different type of frusta and disposal model is compared.

6通过建立溢流坝和闸墩的三维整体模型，完成了对三维过坝水流粘流场的数值计算，针对闸墩的型式及在坝面的布置计算了闸墩对水面线形状、坝面压力、流量系数等设计参数的影响，并将不同墩型与布置形式的计算结果进行比较。

A comprehensive review and expectation about researching status in quo and development trends of viscous flow numerical simulation technique are given in this paper and grids generation methods, numerical computation methods, turbulent model and moving boundary simulation methods are the emphasis study in the paper. On the basic of above job a mathematical model of simulation turbulent flow with free surface is established and triumphantly applied to numerical computation on 2D spillway and 3D spillway with frusta of brake.

本文针对粘流场数值模拟技术的研究现状和发展动态作了比较全面的回顾与展望，重点研究了网格生成技术、数值求解技术、湍流模型技术和动边界模拟技术，在此基础上建立了模拟自由面湍流场的数学模型，并成功地应用到二维溢流坝和带闸墩的三维溢流坝过坝水流的数值计算。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。