水汽

The pressure ridge partly moved to southeast, it led to the cold air stream more moved to southeast, and the strong cold wave broke out. The water vapor from Caspian sea to Bslkhash lake accumulated at the upper of north Xinjiang, and it provided the water vapor condition for the cold wave. The ECMWF numerical forecast product accurately predicted the evolution trend of circulation (the position, intensity, path and speed of ground surface cold high pressure) of height field in this cold wave process. The predicted temperature at 850 hPa had good corresponding relation with the actual lowest temperature.

高压脊部分东南垮，导致强冷空气大举东南下，强寒潮天气暴发；里海到巴尔喀什湖的水汽在北疆上空聚积，为这次寒潮天气提供了水汽条件；ECMWF数值预报产品在这次强寒潮天气过程中准确的预报了高度场的环流场演变趋势，地面冷高压的位置、强度、路径和移速；850 hPa格点温度预报值与最低温度实况值具有很好的对应关系。

Using the radiosonde data in summer of 1997 to 1998, the water vapor flux over the upper reaches of the Changjiang River from 925 hPa to 200 hPa are calculated.

该文利用 1 997、1 998年 7～ 8月的探空资料，计算了围绕长江上游地区四周 92 5～ 2 0 0 h Pa之间的水汽通量及每日的水汽输送净量。

Comparisons between GPS/PWV and radiosonde observations show that GPS/PWV retrieved by above method can have the accuracy of millimeter level.

利用地基GPS技术层析水汽三维分布的前提是获取精确的GPS信号斜路径方向的水汽含量。

The errors and the influence degree on the precipitable water vapor results are analyzed. Comparison is conducted between retrieved and observed, as well as the radiosonde data. The findings conclude that the retrieved results are applicable.

同时对影响水汽反演的误差进行了分析，给出了各项误差对水汽结果的影响程度，并对反演结果与探空资料结果和实际降水进行了比较，得出了其间变化一致性的结论。

Results show that, in this process, there is a specific circulating current accompanying with twin typhoons, the easterly air current north of them and southwesterly air current south of them are transporting water vapor, its transport effects are very different at vary evolution stages of AERE, to contribute to the peculiarity of water source for this process of typhoon.

结果表明，本次过程由于伴随着双台风特有的环流形势，其北侧的偏东气流和南侧的西南气流对水汽输送的作用，在台风"艾利"发展的不同时期存在很大的不同，形成了这次台风过程特有的水汽来源特点。

The water vapor is a very important composition in the system ofatmosphere and plays a key role in synoptic and climatic change.

水汽是地气系统中重要的组成部分，水汽的变化成为天气学和云物理学中的关注的重点。

An effective method was developed to eliminate the effect of water vapor absorption.

通过分析水汽吸收的非线性效应，建立了一种去除水汽影响的有效方法。

The APW in summer is less than 25 mm which is the least limit value of monsoon areas.This means that Xinjiang is not affected by monsoon.The geographic distribution of APW is adverse with that of precipitation,videlicet,higherAPW values corresponding to lower precipitation values.With the effects of westerly winds,the APW mode presents as an uniform change within Xinjiang area and has a stable distribution.It is very different from Xinjiang rainfall mode which changes a lot spatially.As mentioned above,there is no obvious change during 1961～2000,this indicates that APW is not a dominant factor determining precipitation,it is the result of dynamic condition,water vapor convergence and other causes.

APW的地理分布与实际降水量分布相反，其最大区域却为降水量最小区，受西风带影响，新疆APW模态主要表现全疆一致变化，分布稳定，与降水模态分布差异性大有显著不同，且近40年来无显著变化趋势，表明决定新疆降水差异的根本原因不在于水汽的多少，而是由降水产生的动力条件、水汽辐合和其它因素差异决定的。

The study of absorption property of water vapor is valuable for laser communication and transmission of laser.

水汽吸收特性的研究对评估激光通讯和激光传输等具有重要的意义，因此水汽吸收光谱的研究在理论和工程方面都有重要应用。

The water-vapour transmissivity is measured by aspectral radiometer and the water vapour content is obtained by our calculationprogram of infrared-radiation atmospheric transmissivity.

水汽透过率用辐射计测量，水汽含量由我们自行编制的红外辐射大气透过率计算程序计算。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了