水汽

Going through the "big triangle fan model", the moisture turns a very corner. The probability of the water vapor transporting to the north China is weaker. It affects the aridness or waterlog in Inner Mongolia.

水汽经"大三角形"流出后，"大拐弯"造成水汽北上的可能性及强度大大减少，水汽"大拐弯"的程度直接影响内蒙古夏季旱涝。

The results showed that extremely cold rain and snow weather of Sichuan Basin was related well to the variations of water vapor、 frontogenetic function of Yangtze River Basin. at the mid-lower level of the troposphere, especially at 700 hPa level, there was water vapor convergence exiting lastly in Sichuan Basin for long time. And the time of convergence of water vapor was congruous with of cold air in Sichuan basin, and provided the water vapor conditions for the occurrence of low-temperature disaster.

结果表明：四川盆地的低温雨雪天气与南来的水汽变化及长江流域的锋生作用有密切关系，在对流层中低层700hPa上，四川盆地长时间存在稳定的水汽辐合区，水汽辐合的时段基本与盆地冷空气活动时间段一致，这为低温降水的发生提供了水汽条件。

The minimum potential region of water vapor transport vector correspond to intense heavy rainfall region, and the water vapor convergence of the heavy rain region is supplied by the hemisphere scale water vapor transport, indicating that even for a regional severe flood it must gain water vapor supply from very extensive regions.

水汽通量的势函数极小值区对应强降水区，并且暴雨区的水汽辐合是由半球尺度的水汽输送造成，这表明，即使对于该年背景的区域性大暴雨/洪水，它也必须从极大范围地区获得水汽供应。1999年水汽辐合的中心位置较1998年偏东偏南，这使得1999年降水较1998年偏南。

There is water vapor absorption near 940 nm band, so the water vapor abundance can be retrieved on the basis of its functional dependence on the transmission in the 940 nm band.

大气中的水汽对940nm附近的太阳辐射吸收较强，利用水汽吸收透过率与水汽量的关系可以反演大气柱水汽总量。

Firstly, we used the Raman scattering method which can calibrate in real time to measure the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of SOG for the first time in China. The measurement relative error is less than 8%. Based on the data from the experiments, we report the results that the diluent category and ratios influence the O2 (a1 Δ) yield. The relationship of P-τ values and the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of this SOG were given. The effects of distance and bypass of gas transportation on the O2 (a1 Δ) yield are investigated. Secondly, the chlorine utilization was measured by using Raman spectroscopy simultaneously when the O2 (a1 Δ) yield was measured. This method originated with us. The result about the chlorine utilization is coincident with other theoretic and experimental conclusions. The relationship given in this paper between gas stay time in SOG and chlorine utilization offers reference to improve the reaction efficiency and chemical efficiency of COIL. Finally, the partial water vapor pressure at the exit of SOG was measured by absorption spectroscopy. The water vapor fraction and partial pressure have trends changed with the generator total pressure, the diluentratios, and the BHP temperature. These experimental results are very important to improve experimental conditions of SOG, reduce the water vapor fraction, and enhance the output power of COIL.

由侧得的数据得到了加入稀释气体、稀释气体种类以及稀释比例对单重态氧产率的影响，给出了该发生器P一：值与仇产率的关系，还考察了传输距离对仇产率的影响；在国际上首创利用喇曼散射光谱法在侧量产率的同时进行了氯气利用率的检侧，侧试结果与其他理论及实验结果十分相近；给出了气体在发生器中的滞留时间与氯气利用率之间的关系，该结果为提高氧碘化学激光器的反应效率和化学效率提供了参考依据；另外采用了吸收光谱法对发生器出口处的水汽含量进行了测量、得到了水汽分压和百分含量随着发生器压力、稀释气体比例以及BHP温度等的变化情况，该实验结果对于改进发生器工作条件、减少水汽含量、提高氧碘化学激光器的出光功率具有十分重要的指导意义。

Results show that there is little difference between water vapor content detected by ground-based GPS and that calculated from radiosonde data, and that the water vapor content fits well with the precipitation.

结果表明：GPS反演的水汽含量与探空计算得到的水汽数据具有较好的一致性，同时水汽含量值与地面降水吻合较好。

Then, in the view of short-range weather forecast, water vapor fields in each typical process have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is significant increasing in the air column precipitable water over snow ranges when the snow is coming, snowy regions are in well agreement with the convergence regions of water vapor fluxes.

然后，利用国家气象中心T106L19全球模式的分析值格点资料等，分析各型下典型个例过程的水汽场情况，得到高原东部牧区强降雪天气前有气柱可降水量的明显增长，强降雪区与强水汽辐合区相对应，造成冬春季高原东部牧区强降雪天气的水汽主要来自孟加拉湾地区的结论。

By using of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis daily average data from 1950 to 2002 and daily rainfall of 355 stations in east China from 1957 to 2000 , whole layer vapor transportation fluxes of all globe are calculated , climatic characters of East-Asia pentadactyl vapor transportation in summer are analysed , differences of pentadactyl vapor transportation in strong vapor transportation years and short ones , and relations of vapor transportation in East-Asia and rainfall in east China.

使用1950～2002年NCAR/NCEP再分析逐日平均资料和1957～2000年我国东部355个站点的逐日降水量资料，计算了全球整层水汽输送通量，分析了东亚地区大尺度候平均水汽输送时空分布的气候特征和年际、年代际变化特征，研究了水汽输送强、弱年候平均水汽输送的差异，讨论了东亚地区各候水汽输送与我国东部降水的关系。

The results show that for the global scale characteristics of the vertically integrated vapor flux fields, which is described in terms of the rotational and divergent components of the stationary parts of the vapor field, both GOALS and FGCM--0 can reproduce the subtropical gyres in each hemisphere, the eastward water va- por transport of the mid--latitude westerlies, and the westward vapor transport of equatorial easterlies reasonably, though the precise positions of the gyres simulated by GOALS, and the intensities of the gyre centers in FGCM--0 do not match the observations accurately.

结果表明：(1)对垂直积分的水汽通量场的流函数及其对应的无辐散水汽通量矢量的模拟，三个耦合模式都能够较为合理地再现副热带大洋的涡旋结构、中纬度西风带的东向水汽输送、赤道东风带的西向水汽输送和东亚夏季风水汽输送等行星尺度特征及其季节变化，只是GOALS的涡旋位置、FGCM-0的涡旋中心强度，较之实际略有偏差。

The well-posed problems of water vapour equation with condensation process were studied.

对于球坐标系下的水汽方程，当考虑水汽的凝结或凝华过程时，利用水汽方程的特点得到了关于水汽方程的弱极值原理的较强形式。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了