水土

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

The root biomass improved the soil infiltration rate and reduced runoff,the runoff and erosion amount of meadow brome decreased by 98.2%and 99.9% respectively,and the ability of water retention and soil-reinforcement of meadow brome was 5.2 and 1.5 times than that of corn.

同时，草地雀麦010 cm土层根系发达，地下生物量是玉米的2.88倍，可以显著提高自然降水的土壤入渗率，减少地表径流，使坡地年径流量与土壤侵蚀模数减少98.2%和99.9%，保水、固土能力是玉米种植的5.2倍和1.5倍，水土流失防治效果显著。

Six kinds of superior Leguminosae and grasses including Sweet pea , partridge pea , Utah sweet vetch , meadow brome , yellow bluestem and cambar bluegrass are introduced from the Western and Middle parts of USA with similar climate to the Loess Plateau according to the theory of similarity of climate. The experiments are focused on adaptability, regularity of growth and development, eco-economic values, and technique and model of cultivation of the introduced plants, following the procedure of primary test, regional test and production test.

按照&气候相似论&的观点，选择与黄土高原生态条件较为接近的美国中西部地区，引进了多年生香豌豆、美丽鹧鸪豆、犹他甜苕子、牧场草、黄兰沙梗草、康巴早熟禾等6种优良水土保持草本植物，按照&初选试验—区域性试验—生产性试验&的程序，对引进植物的物候、抗性、生长发育规律、生态经济价值、栽培技术等进行系统研究。

The achievement of this project can be briefly summed up as following:(1)the carbon contributing to karst processes mainly comes from ecological system itself under the condition of existence of vegetation and soil covers;(2)results indicates that the depositing processes of rainfall to CO2 is an important "sink" to global carbon cycle;(3)owing to the differences of vegetation and surface covering, the adjusting effect of ecosystem to environmental humidity, temperature and CO2 concentration near surface air which indicates different benefit of preventing water and soil from lose is marked;(4)the preponderant species of vegetation in the karst ecosystems which have different kinds of carbonate rocks are obviously variant, and this situation results to the clearly differences of the micro － habitat , structure of surface cover and water holding capacity;(5) the relevant study showed that the carpophagous animals and birds make a important role in the spreading of vegetation seeds. The designed experience for the study of seed reservoir was not able to obtain a satisfactory result.

主要研究成果包括：通过对表层系统碳库的研究，认为在有土壤和植被覆盖时，岩溶作用过程中的碳主要来自生态系统本身而不是母岩；降雨对大气碳具有重要&沉淀&作用，是碳的一个重要汇；不同植被类型表层岩溶系统对系统水份、空气湿度、气温、土温和近地表 CO2浓度等具有明显调节作用，具有不同的水土保持效益；不同母岩的岩溶生态系统的植被优势种、属差异明显，由此形成的小生境、地被物及其持水性差异巨大；对典型岩溶表层系统种子库的试验研究没有取得满意结果，但食果动物、鸟类对种子传播起到一定作用。

As important forage crops, legumes of the genus Chamaecrista play an important role on soil improvement, water and soil conservation, etc.

摘要决明属牧草既是重要的饲料作物，又在土壤改良、水土保持等多方面发挥着积极作用。

Ccording to the restoration plan of each province in the corrasive region in Loess Plateau, the effect of ecological restoration on grain production in the corrasive region of loess plateau is analyzed.

bstract 根据黄土高原水土流失区有关各省区制定的退耕规划，分析了生态退耕对粮食生产产生的可能影响。

The prediction shows that the total yield in the corrasive region of Loess Plateau in 2010 will reach 1400.71×10^4t. The demand of grain based on the three levels (400kg, 425kg or 450kg/person) will be respectively 1389.34×10^4t, 1470.37×10^4t and 1563.01×10^4t.

3粮食需求预测表明，2010年黄土高原水土流失区粮食总量将达1400.71×10^4t，在人均400kg×10^4t，在人均400kg， 425k和450kg水平下粮食需求分别为1389.34×10^4t， 470.37×10^4t和1563.01×10^4t。

In Project A, grain shortage will not appear in the corrasive region of Loess Plateau on the whole. But in order to achieve an equilibrium of demand and supply, loess hill regions must import grain from the Loess Platform region.

从A方案看，就黄土高原水土流失区整体而言将不会出现粮食短缺；但具体到分区而言，黄土丘陵区必须通过粮食调入才能满足本区需求，而黄土台塬区则有一定盈余。

This work furnishes a fresh basis for further study of soil erosion and crustal movement.

该工作可为进一步研究水土流失及地壳运动提供依据。

Clean water and cultivable lands have become the most important strategic resource in 21st century, water and soil is the foundation of the life. Its the shared responsibility of all the people in the world to protect soil and water resources.

洁净的淡水和可耕作的土壤已成为21世纪人类最为重要的战略资源，水是生命之源，土是生存之本，保护水土资源是世界各国人民的共同责任。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。