水合的

The analysis shows that the molecule chain coupling is the common feature of the two systems.

结果表明：一定条件下聚合物凝胶和疏水缔造合聚合物溶液具有相似的溶液结构和流动特性；胶态分散凝胶在多孔介质中的流动存在转变压力，2组流动实验中疏水缔合聚合物溶液也表现出类似的转变压力，分析认为聚合物凝胶分子链间的联结是化学交联，而疏水缔合聚合物为物理缔合，类似的分子链间联结方式是两种体系有相似流动特性的内在原因。

However, the biggest difference between them is that polymer gels is chemistry association and hydrophobic associating polymer solution is physics association, and the intension of molecule chain coupling between them is different, too.

建议对疏水缔合聚合物溶液进行特性评价时应该同时结合HPAM溶液和聚合物凝胶溶液特性评价方法，开展深入的疏水缔合聚合物溶液与聚合物凝胶的对比研究工作。

UV-Vis and continuous variation plot method were used to study the complexation of γ-cyclodextrin with bromocresol green, and the stoichiometric ratio of the complexation was to be 1∶2. Thermodynamic analysis results show an inverse relationship between temperature and complexation constant, and the change of enthalpy, entropy and free energy of the complexation were -39.988 kJ/mol, 86.400 J/ and -14.245 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicating that hydrophobic effect was the main force to form the complexes.γ-Cyclodextrin and bromocresol green complexes were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrum and molecular modeling analysis, and was may be the group included in γ-cyclodextrin.

采用紫外-可见分光光度法和等摩尔连续变化法研究了γ-环糊精与溴甲酚绿的包合作用，确定了包合物形成的化学计量比为1∶2；采用热力学方法分析了温度与包合常数之间的关系，计算了包合过程的焓变、熵变及自由能变化分别为-39.988 kJ/mol， 86.400 J/和-14.245 kJ/mol，这表明疏水作用力为主要驱动力；采用核磁共振、分子模拟和红外光谱法对包合物进行了研究，确定了包合物的形成，分析认为这可能是基团进入γ-环糊精腔内导致增色效应。

The coaxal coherent chart of irrigation water puts allfactors into one chart:channel transport capacity, field water consumption strength ,benefit area and irrigation time.

灌溉用水合轴相关图把渠道供水能力，田间耗水强度，效益面积、灌水时间等因素融于一体，按照一定的关系以曲线或直线组绘成合轴相关图，通过该图即可初步设计渠道流量，选定灌溉面积，也可确定轮灌周期、轮灌面积等。

The results showed that resistant gene Ht in F1 heterozygote was the most effective on controlling spots number and size; all monogene in heterozygote could produce spore by moisture culture and resistant gene Ht1 was the most effective; resistant gene Ht1 in medium level, Ht3 in high level, and Ht in low level of vertical resistance of heterozygote, were the most effective on controlling spots spread; while Ht2 in high level of vertical resistance of heterozygote was the most ineffective on controlling spots spread; and all resistant monogene in heterozygote showed superior to their parents on controlling incubation period and gene Ht was more significant than other genes.

结果表明，抗性单基因Ht处于F1代杂合状态时，控制病斑数和病斑面积的效应最强；单基因处于杂合状态时，湿培48h病斑全部能产生分生孢子，且处于同一水平抗性杂合状态时，Ht1控制产孢量的效应最强；Ht1处于中水平、Ht3处于高水平和Ht、处于低水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最强；而Ht2处于高水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最弱；抗性单基因处于杂合状态下，控制潜伏期多表现超亲现象，Ht控制病害潜伏期比其它单基因显著。

The synthesis of water reducing agents from phenanthrene waste by sulfonation,condensation,neutralization and recondensation has been studied by the orthogonal test.

利用正交实验通过磺化、缩合、中和、再缩合反应对菲渣制取水泥减水剂进行了研究，优化了主要工艺条件，制备出的减水剂减水率可达17.5%。

In order to clear heterogeneous reservoirs waterflooding performance, and decreased interlayer and within-layer contradictions, and improved the water flooding recovery, experimental study should be conducted first, This paper based on Pucheng Sasan reservoir sandstone cores to study object. Multi-point pressure measurement of water flooding oil experimental apparatus was established. Through the three-layer water flooding experiment to study injection strategy, interlayer interference and recovery factors. True sandstone micro-model water flooding used newly developed color visual image analysis system researched water-drive types, forms of residual oil and waterflood efficiency. Percolation mathematical model was established, black oil simulation program was developed, long-core displacement experimental results were matched, pressure and saturation change were researched by the simulation matching results.

为了明确非均质储层注水开发动态过程，减轻由于层间和层内非均质造成的开发矛盾，提高水驱采收率，本文从实验研究出发，以濮城沙三储层岩心为研究对象，建立了一套带多测压点的多层长岩心水驱油实验装置，通过开展三层水驱油实验，研究注水方式、层间干扰以及采收率影响因素；真实砂岩微观模型水驱油实验采用最新研制的彩色可视化图像分析系统研究水驱类型、残余油形成类型以及水驱油效率；建立并求解渗流数学模型，编制黑油模拟程序，对长岩心驱替实验进行拟合，通过拟合结果研究驱替过程中油水饱和度和压力的变化情况等研究工作。

The invention uses the industry byproduct in production of sulfonation-process phenol or the byproduct (Na2SO3 content is 60-85percent) in production of p-cresol and sodium hydrosulfite to produce the aliphatic high range water reducer and takes acetone, formaldehyde, industry byproduct, sulphite or sodium pyrosulfite as raw materials and then sulfonation and condensation reactions are carried out in aqueous medium, the reactant weight ratio is acetone: formaldehyde: sulphite plus industry byproduct: water is equal to 1:2.5-4.5:1.5-2.6:4.0-6.0, the mass concentration of the condensation compound obtained is 30-42 percent, and the viscosity thereof is 20-100m.

本发明利用磺化法苯酚生产中的工业副产品，或者对甲酚和保险粉生产过程中副产品(Na 2 SO 3 含量在60～85％)生产脂肪族高效减水剂，采用丙酮、甲醛、工业副产物、亚硫酸盐和或焦亚硫酸钠作为原材料，在水介质中进行磺化和缩合反应，反应物的质量比为丙酮∶甲醛∶亚硫酸盐副产品∶水＝1∶2.5～4.5∶1.5～2.6∶4.0～6.0，所得到的缩合物的质量浓度为30～42％，粘度为20～100m。

In order to extend use of calcium carbonate, the samples were modified by hydrazine hydrate, triethanolamine and sodium stearate. Hydrazine hydrate was 0.08%～0.24% of calcium oxide, triethanolamine was 0.1%～0.3% of calcium oxide, sodium stearate was 5% of calcium carbonate,modification time was 40 minute. Calcium carbonate has better active exponent and white degree.

为进一步扩大纳米碳酸钙的应用范围，对纳米碳酸钙进行了增白活化的改性，改性剂水合肼、三乙醇胺的用量分别取CaO质量的0.08%～0.24%、0.1%～0.3%，硬脂酸钠的用量取CaCO3质量的5%，改性时间为40min，在此条件下可以制得高白度、高活性的碳酸钙样品。

As one of the most important osmoregulation actor, firstly,Proline plays a keyrole in the osmotic potential adjustment in plant cells. Secondly, Proline can preventNaCl from damaging the structure of biomacromolecule in cells. Thirdly, the highdissolubility and non-rejection capability of Proline can enlarge the solution volumnof the cell, so the concentration of salt will be diminished in cytoplasm and the saltstress will be relieved. Forthly, the accumulation of Proline could prevent thedehydrolysis from sap cavity in cytoplasm. Fifthly, the synthesis of plant chlorophyllwill be diminished under the salt stress, but the Proline can provide request ofchlorophyll synthesis.

脯氨酸作为渗透调节剂对植物体细胞渗透势的变化起重要作用：一，在盐胁迫下，脯氨酸在植物体内是一种重要的渗透调节剂，它是一些高等植物和绿藻抗盐和抗旱的主要渗透剂之一；二，脯氨酸可以保护细胞中的生物大分子的结构，使之不被NaCl破坏，并能维持其完整的水合范围；三，脯氨酸的高度溶解性以及其对植物各种酶活性不抑制性，可以扩大细胞的溶解容积，从而降低细胞质液中盐的浓度，减轻盐的胁迫作用；四，细胞质中积累的大量脯氨酸可以防止液泡对细胞质的脱水作用；五，在盐胁迫下，植物叶绿素的合成受到抑制，叶绿素的合成需要脯氨酸。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。