水动力学

By considering the trait of the artery and anabranch of the Three-Gorges reservoir and analyzing the environmental elements influencing the growth of the algae, we improved on thenutrition dynamic model of the algae"s growth, carried on computer numerical value simulating on the evolvement process of the eutrophication of the Wujiang River, the Hanjiang River and the Three Gorges reservoir by cell mapping algorithm and revealed the dynamics action and mutation forms in the process of the valleys" algae blooms and the relationship between the major elements influencing the algaes growth and the model surge function.

本文结合三峡水库干、支流水体环境特点，通过对影响流域水体藻类生长的环境因素进行分析，改进藻类生长营养动力学模型，并利用胞映射算法对乌江、汉江和库区流域富营养化演化性态进行了计算机数值模拟和仿真分析，揭示流域水华发生过程的动力学行为、混沌性态和流域水质中主要藻类生长控制因子与模型振荡函数间的关系。

Kinetics of methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether on modified kaolin catalyst was studied in an integral reactor under normal pressure. It is deduced that the surface reaction of methanol molecule adsorbed on the active site of catalyst with methanol molecule in gas phase is the rate determining step. The hyperbolic type kinetic equation r=ksbMpM2/(1+bMpM+bpE) is obtained according to the theory of langmuir even adsorption and using the R-E mechanism.

采用积分反应器，考察了常压下在改性高岭土催化剂上甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的反应动力学，根据Langmuir均匀吸附理论，采用R-E机理，推断吸附的甲醇分子与气相主体中的甲醇分子发生的表面反应为速率控制步骤，得到双曲线型动力学方程为： r= ksbMpM2 /(1+bMpM+bpE)（r为反应速率， ks为反应速率常数， bM为甲醇的吸附平衡常数， b为二甲醚和水的吸附平衡常数之和， pM、 pE分别为甲醇、二甲醚的分压）。

A new general kinetic equation was derived in which the effect of the removal of condensation water was taken into account completely, and was applied to the polyesterification kinetic study of AA/HPHP and AA/NPG. It was found that the reaction order of self-catalyzed polyesterification was not constant. For these polyesterifications, the reaction order was 2.5 at a low temperature, while 3.0 at a high temperature.

考虑缩合水的排除对反应体系的影响，用体积浓度单位推导出一个新的聚酯反应总包动力学方程，并应用到AA/HPHP和AA/NPG两个聚酯化反应的动力学研究中，研究发现，自催化聚酯反应的反应级数并不是固定值，对于AA/HPHP和AA/NPG两个聚酯化反应而言，低温时反应级数为2.5，高温时反应级数为3.0。

This paper takes the small fish of Carangiform as the mimetic object. Through the bionics study to the principle of Carangiform"s propulsion, the robofish"s main body mechanism that has two degrees of freedom tail fin and single degree of freedom pectoral fin has designed. At the same time, the parameterized mathematical model of double-hinged propulsion system has established. The kinematics analysis, dynamics analysis to the propulsion process and preliminary hydrodynamics analysis to the tail fin and the pectoral fin have been completed. The dynamic equations to the propulsion system have been established.

本文以鲹科模式鱼类为仿生对象，通过对鲹科模式鱼类游动机理的仿生学研究，设计了两自由度的尾鳍推进机构及单自由度的胸鳍机构的机器鱼机械本体结构，建立了参数化的两关节尾鳍推进模式的数学模型，并对推进过程进行了运动学、动力学分析，建立了推进系统动力学方程，对尾鳍和胸鳍推进的水动力进行了初步分析。

Through deduction of hydraulics principle and calculation of aerodynamics and hydraulics,this paper defined the principle of intake equipment and the calculating method of water dynamics and aerodynamics,and hereby designed siphonic intake equipment and took a full scale experience.

通过对滗水器的水力学原理推证，以及对气体动力学和水力学计算，确定了滗水器的原理及水、气动力学计算方法，并据此设计了虹吸式滗水器，同时经生产性试验证实，其效果良好

By the methods of system dynamics, a water environmental carrying capacity model was constructed, and the dynamic trend of the WECC in Liaoning Province was simulated by using this model, in combining with analytical hierarchy process and the vector norm method.

应用系统动力学方法建立了水环境承载力模型，并结合层次分析法和向量模法，模拟了辽宁省水环境系统的动态变化，预测了2000-2050年辽宁省水环境在不同发展方案下的承载能力。

Hydrophobic-hydrophilic macroporous polydivinylbenzene/polyacrylethylenediamine interpenetrating polymer networks (PDVB/PAEM IPN) were prepared by the sequential suspension polymerization method. These were composed of two networks, of which one was hydrophobic and the other was hydrophilic. The objective of this work was to study the adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics of this hydrophobic- hydrophilic IPN. The focus was on adsorption isotherms of vanillin at different temperatures, and these fit well into the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The isosteric adsorption enthalpy, adsorption Gibbs free energies and the adsorption entropy could be calculated according to thermodynamic functions.

采用分步悬浮聚合法制备了具有疏水性能的聚二乙烯基苯(polydivinylbenzene， PDVB)为第一网，具有亲水性能的聚丙烯酰乙二胺(polyacrylethylenediamine， PAEM)为第二网的疏水／亲水大孔聚二乙烯基苯／聚丙烯酰乙二胺互穿聚合物网络(interpenetrating polymer networks， IPN)，研究这类疏水／亲水IPN组成的树脂对吸附质的吸附热力学和吸附动力学；测定了该树脂对香兰素在不同温度下的吸附等温线，吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附方程，利用热力学函数关系计算出了吸附焓、自由能和熵变。

The numerical results of water jet breaking rock agree with the experimental conclusion. A valid approach to the process of water jet breaking rock sh...

数值计算的结果较真实地反映了水射流破岩过程中岩石的动态响应以及水射流动力学特性的演化过程，并与相关试验规律吻合良好，这表明该分析方法是有效的，可用来指导高压水射流破岩理论的进一步研究及应用。

Also the multi-scale entropy processing and analysis of conductance fluctuating signals acquired by VMEA sensor for five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid are conducted. The study result indicates that the increase of f o makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower U sg; for low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about f o=0.9 and the increase of U sg makes the inversion point move to low oil volume fraction; the multi-scale entropy detail describes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of oil-gas-water flow patterns and the rate of MSE at low scales sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns and can act as the efficient criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification.

对水为连续相的5种流型VMEA传感器波动信号进行了多尺度熵分析，研究结果表明：含油率增加可使水包油段塞流在较低气相表观速度下产生；较低流速下的油水相态逆转可发生在油液比为0.9左右，气相流速增加使得逆转点向含油率低的方向偏移；多尺度熵细节可以刻画油气水三相流非线性动力学特性，而低尺度的多尺度熵变化率敏感地反映流型转变，是划分油气水三相流流型的有效准则。

On the basis of the crystallography, however, systematic investigation on crystalline habit of oxide crystal synthesized by hydrothermal processing, including single crystals and crystalline grains in ultrafine ceramics powder, is also a noticeable subject with theoretical and applicable significance, which has been studied in this article according to plentiful data of experiments obtained in research on crystal defects in synthetic smoky quartz, preparation of amethyst quartz and ultrafine zirconia and alumina powder by hydrothermal processing.

但以结晶学为基础，较系统地研究水热条件下氧化物晶体，包括单晶和陶瓷微粉中的晶粒的结晶习性和结晶动力学仍是一个值得重视的、既有理论意义又有应用价值的课题。本文通过对水热法人工烟水晶中的缺陷、人工紫水晶的生长、水热法超细ZrO〓粉体和Al〓O〓粉体的制备等研究，以较为丰富的实验资料基础上，在这一方面进行了探讨。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。