水动力学

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.

作为在"公路工程地质环境中水渗流机制问题研究"中的探索研究，在本人科研和前人研究工作的基础上，以地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学、工程地质学、土壤学为基础，研究公路工程建设对地下水渗流和雨水入渗的影响，以及公路防排水和水环境保护设计的原则方法，具体开展了如下研究工作：(1)首先对水循环、地下水类型及转化、土壤水平衡与循环进行了研究和介绍；分析研究了应力对岩土体渗流特性产生影响的机理。

It"s considered that the algae blooms control function in the algae"s growth dynamics model is influenced mostly by the water temperature, sun illumination, water flow speed and the concentration of the nutriment in water. A function including the four elements was built. By using cell mapping algorithm and contacting with the practical water condition of the Wujiang river and the Hanjiang river we analyzed and computed the algae blooms in the two areas and found the result was very near to the practical result. And we found that the ascend of water temperature and the descend of the water flow speed will contribute to the growth of algae and the nutriment is the substance basis of the algae blooms but not the only element. It must be under the condition of condign water temperature, enough sun illumination, slow water flow and abundant nutriment that algae blooms may break out unexpectedly.

本文认为藻类生长营养动力学模型中的水华爆发控制函数主要受水温、光照强度、水流速和营养盐浓度的影响，构建了包含水温、光照强度、水流速和营养盐浓度的水华爆发控制函数，通过对乌江、汉江的水华爆发进行胞映射分析，得到的计算结果与实际监测非常吻合，并认为水温升高和水流速下降将有利于藻类生长，营养盐是水华爆发的物质基础，但不是唯一因素，必须在适宜的水温、光照、缓慢的水流和充足的营养盐条件下，藻类才可能出现突发式的"疯长"，即水华爆发。

On the basis of the hydraulic and kinematics calculations about revolving water decanter ,dynamics calculations were made in this paper.

在对旋转式滗水器进行了水力学和运动学计算的基础上，对旋转式滗水器进行了动力学计算，给出了其动力学计算公式，与水力学和运动学计算公式一起，共同给出了旋转式滗水器完整的设计计算公式。

Its universality: its democratic equality and constancy to its nature in seeking its own level: its vastness in the ocean of Mercator's projection: its unplumbed profundity in the Sundam trench of the Pacific exceeding 8000 fathoms: the restlessness of its waves and surface particles visiting in turn all points of its seaboard: the independence of its units: the variability of states of sea: its hydrostatic quiescence in calm: its hydrokinetic turgidity in neap and spring tides: its subsidence after devastation: its sterility in the circumpolar icecaps, arctic and antarctic: its climatic and commercial significance: its preponderance of 3 to 1 over the dry land of the globe: its indisputable hegemony extending in square leagues over all the region below the subequatorial tropic of Capricorn: the multisecular stability of its primeval basin: its luteofulvous bed: its capacity to dissolve and hold in solution all soluble substances including millions of tons of the most precious metals: its slow erosions of peninsulas and islands, its persistent formation of homothetic islands, peninsulas and downwardtending promontories: its alluvial deposits: its weight and volume and density: its imperturbability in lagoons and highland tarns: its gradation of colours in the torrid and temperate and frigid zones: its vehicular ramifications in continental lakecontained streams and confluent oceanflowing rivers with their tributaries and transoceanic currents, gulfstream, north and south equatorial courses: its violence in seaquakes, waterspouts, Artesian wells, eruptions, torrents, eddies, freshets, spates, groundswells, watersheds, waterpartings, geysers, cataracts, whirlpools, maelstroms, inundations, deluges, cloudbursts: its vast circumterrestrial ahorizontal curve: its secrecy in springs and latent humidity, revealed by rhabdomantic or hygrometric instruments and exemplified by the well by the hole in the wall at Ashtown gate, saturation of air, distillation of dew: the simplicity of its composition, two constituent parts of hydrogen with one constituent part of oxygen: its healing virtues: its buoyancy in the waters of the Dead Sea: its persevering penetrativeness in runnels, gullies, inadequate dams, leaks on shipboard: its properties for cleansing, quenching thirst and fire, nourishing vegetation: its infallibility as paradigm and paragon: its metamorphoses as vapour, mist, cloud, rain, sleet, snow, hail: its strength in rigid hydrants: its variety of forms in loughs and bays and gulfs and bights and guts and lagoons and atolls and archipelagos and sounds and fjords and minches and tidal estuaries and arms of sea: its solidity in glaciers, icebergs, icefloes: its docility in working hydraulic millwheels, turbines, dynamos, electric power stations, bleachworks, tanneries, scutchmills: its utility in canals, rivers, if navigable, floating and graving docks: its potentiality derivable from harnessed tides or watercourses falling from level to level: its submarine fauna and flora, numerically, if not literally, the inhabitants of the globe: its ubiquity as constituting 90 percent of the human body: the noxiousness of its effluvia in lacustrine marshes, pestilential fens, faded flowerwater, stagnant pools in the waning moon.

50它的普遍性，它的民主的平等性，以及保持着它自身求平的本质。用墨卡托投影法在地图上所标示出的浩淼的海洋；太平洋中巽他海沟那超过八千噚的不可测的深度；永不消停、后浪推前浪地冲刷着海岸线每一部位的波涛以及水面上的微粒子；水的单位粒子的独立性；海洋变幻莫测；根据液体静力学，风平浪静时它纹丝不动；根据液体动力学，小潮大潮时它便涨了起来。暴风雨后一片沉寂；北极圈与南极圈冰冠地带的不毛性以及对气候及贸易的影响；跟地球上的陆地相比占三对一优势；它在亚赤道带南回归线以南的整个区域延伸无数平方海里的绝对权威；其在原始海盆里数千万年以来所保持的稳定性；它那橙红色海床；它那把包括数百万吨贵金属在内的可溶解物质加以溶解，并使之保持在溶解状态的性能；它对半岛和有下陷趋势的岬角所产生的缓慢的浸蚀作用；其冲积层；其重量、容积与浓度；它在咸水湖、高山湖里的静谧；其色调因热带、温带和寒带而变为或浓或淡；与陆上的湖泊、溪流及支流汇合后注入海洋的河川，还有横跨大洋的潮流所构成的运输网。沿着赤道下面的水路自北向南的湾流；海震、水龙卷、自流井、喷泉、湍流、漩涡、河水暴涨、倾盆大雨、海啸、流域、分水岭、间歇泉、大瀑布、漩流、海漩、洪水、泛滥、暴雨等滥施淫威；环绕陆地的上层土壤那漫长的曲线；源泉的奥秘可用探矿杖来占卜或用湿度测定器来揭示；阿什汤大门的墙壁上的洞、空气的饱和与露水的蒸发能够证明那潜在的湿度；水的成分单纯，是氢二、氧一的化合物；水的疗效；水的死海里的浮力；它在小溪、涧谷、水坝的缝隙、船舷的裂口所显示的顽强的浸透性；它那清除污垢、解渴、灭火、滋养植物的性能；作为模范和典型，它的可靠性；它变化多端：雾、霭、云、雨、麦、雪、雹；并在坚固的消防龙头上发挥出压力；而且千姿百态：湖泊、湖岔、内海、海湾、海岬、环礁湖、环状珊瑚岛、多岛海、海峡、峡江、明奇、潮汐港湾、港湾；冰河、冰山、浮动冰原显示出它是何等坚硬；在运转水车、水轮机、发电机、发电厂、漂白作坊、鞣皮厂、打麻厂时，它又是那样驯顺；它在运河、可航行的河川、浮船坞和干船坞所起的作用；潮汐的动力化或利用水路的落差使它得以发挥潜力；海底那些成群的动物和植物虽然并非名副其实地栖息在地球上，论数目却占地球上生物的一大半；水无所不在，占人体的百分之九十；在沼泽地、闹瘟疫的湿地、馊了的花露水以及月亏期那淤积污浊的水塘子，水所散发的恶臭充满了毒气。

This paper, aimed at the problem of drying aluminum fluoride trihydrate, studied the most possible binding format of crystal water, and hereby deduced the process of crystal water dehydration.

本论文针对三水氟化铝的干燥脱水问题，应用晶体结构理论、价键理论以及各种相关化学原理推测了三水氟化铝可能的结晶水结合形式，并据此推断了其结晶水的脱除过程：对氟化铝干燥特性进行了实验研究，研究了温度和升温速率对氟化铝干燥效果的影响：采用非等温TG-DTG法，对三水氟化铝进行了热分解行为和热分解动力学分析，进一步验证了三水氟化铝的脱水过程，并得出了其脱水和水解过程的动力学参数及方程。

The steady state kinetics of the lignin peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of veratryl alcohol by H2O2 in a sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate/isooctane/toluene/water reverse micellar medium was studied and a comparison with the corresponding aqueous medium was made to understand the effect of the reverse micellar medium on the catalytic mechanism and kinetic parameters.

为了理解木素过氧化物酶在反胶束介质中的催化性能与动力学行为，本文以LiP催化过氧化氢氧化藜芦醇反应为模型反应，研究了2-乙基己基琥珀酸磺酸钠/异辛烷/甲苯/水反胶束中上述模型反应的稳态动力学并与水介质做了比较。

That is why some hydrophobic ingredients should be added in order to made floating tablet with ideal floating duration other than decreasing the tableting pressure alone.According to the eroding kinetics, the floating tablet made of HPMC with greater viscosity as K100 MCR and K15 MCR is better than that made of HPMC E 15 LV. The erosion of the tablet made of HPMC E 15LV followed the first order kinetics. 20% of the tablet eroded with 4 hours which is 22 times that of the tablet made of HPMC K 100 MCR. The fast erosion of the tablet made of HPMC E15 LV led to quick buoyancy decrease. The quick swelling of floating tablet made of CMC-Na led to quicker water uptake.

溶蚀动力学表明，以高粘度HPMC K100MCR和K15 MCR制备的漂浮片，其漂浮性能要优于低粘度的HPMC如E15-LV，后者的溶蚀符合一级动力学规律，4小时内片面溶蚀达20％，溶蚀速度比前者大22倍，由于速度太快，漂浮制剂的漂浮力因此会迅速降低；高分子材料CMC-Na制备的漂浮片，虽然遇水后迅速膨胀使体积增大，但是，由于水渗入的速度大于体积膨胀的速度，因此不能产生足够的浮力和维持理想的持续浮力，另外，这种材料制备的漂浮片的溶蚀速度太快，4小时内片面溶蚀达30％，漂浮制剂的漂浮力也因此会迅速降低。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, the coefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed. In addition, the dynamic equation about ammonia fertilizer affected by interaction of water and temperature is gotten.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, the coefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, thecoefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。