水力的

All parts of this convector, instrumentation of registration of stress and not dependent source for its power supply, hydraulic turbine and electric generator, were built - on in the hermetical pod, eligible to this purpose.

所有这一个对流式暖房器的部份，压迫力的登记使用仪器和不是依赖的来源对于它的力量补给，水力的涡轮和电的产生器，被建造-在密封的荚中之上，这一个目的的有资格者。

Based on the Saint-venant equations describing the channel flow movement, the nonlinear algebraic equations derived by the use of Preissmann weighted implicit four-point scheme are solved with the Netwon-Raphson method. A combined Gauss main-element elimination method with compress-storage technique is proposed. The relaxation iterative method for solving branch river networks is extended, which can turn the problem of any complex river networks into the problem of a series of single rivers. The coupling of hydraulic model with water quality model is built up. The combined model was applied to a large complicated river networks with numerical hydraulic structure which influenced by strong tide, storm and heave rain. Visualization of computational results is realized by means of MapInfo, which displays the computational results in fast, convenient and accurate way.

水力模型以描述河道洪水波运动的Saint-Venant方程组为基础，用Newton-Raphson方法直接求解按Preissmann加权四点格式进行离散所得的非线性代数方程组，提出了压缩存贮形式的Gauss列主元消去法并对数值解的收敛性进行了讨论；将支流流量的松弛迭代方法从树状河系推广到了环状河网，使任意复杂河网水力计算的问题都可化为一系列的单一河道的水力计算问题；建立了水力模型与水质模型的联接，初步应用于既有洪水、暴雨、强潮等综合影响，又存在多种水工建筑物及水力调度问题的大型复杂河网中的非恒定流水力、水质计算问题；利用MapInfo对计算结果的可视化进行了研究，有利于决策者快速、方便、准确地作出决策。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）Abstract: Mathematic model of the tiny terrain covered cobalt-rich crust and the cutting process of mining head's cutting tooth were established by considering the force of sea water, and simulation software was developed by GUI tool of Matlab software to study the distributive properties of maximum load of the cutting tooth.

摘 要：考虑海水力的作用，建立深海钴结壳微地形的数学模型和采矿头截齿切削过程的数学模型，应用Matlab软件GUI工具编制相应的仿真程序，并通过实验验证仿真模型的正确性和仿真软件的工程有效性。

In order to research the mechanism and effect of hydrodynamic cavitational enhancement, find the basic rule which affected it. The work has been carried out as following.First, an effective equipment of hydrodynamic cavitition is built. Second, we find a new method to capture the free radicals, which is used to measure the amount of hydroxyl. And its correlation with the intensity of cavitation has been studied aims at analyzing the effect of various factors on the yield of hydroxyl, achieving the optimum hydrodynamic cavitation conditions. Then, hydrodynamic cavitation is used to the degradation of organic wastewaters containing rhodamine B, and sterilization of biologic wastewaters containing enterobacter aerogenes. Finally, numerical simulation based on computer fluid dynamic has been made for verifying the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation theoretically.

为了探求水力空化强化效应的机制和效果，寻求影响空化强化效应的基本规律，本论文就此开展了如下研究工作：设计建立实用有效的水力空化实验装置；建立空化自由基捕捉新方法，并以此定量检测水力空化羟自由基，研究空化羟自由基产量与空化强度的关系，研究各种因素对空化自由基产量的影响，以寻求最佳空化强化条件；在此基础上，进行了水力空化对含罗丹明B有机废水降解处理、对含产气肠杆菌生物污水杀菌处理研究，实验检验水力空化的强化效果；根据计算流体力学理论对空化流场进行数值模拟，从理论上验证水力空化的发生效果。

To experiment on 66mm, 75mm returned flow hydrocyclone and 70mm uniflow hydrocyclone (cone-shaped, columniform) in water-sand intermixture, then each capacity, separation performance and correlative parameter's change rules are obtained and compared. Building up overflow system in series of 66mm and 75mm hydrocyclone, separating property and partition curve of the system through experiment are gained.

分别对66mm、75mm返流式水力旋流器和70mm直流式水力旋流器四种水力旋流器进行砂水实验研究，得出各自的生产能力、分离性能及相关参数的变化规律，并进行比较；组成返流式水力旋流器溢流串联系统，进行性能测试，得出系统的分离性能和级效率曲线。

Hydraulic fracturing breccia can be joggled joint and the veins have clear fluid evidence. It is found that the fractures were developed in the crust around the uncompacted belt. Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted by using composite samples consisting of micrite and sandstone.

通过对大港滩海区沙一段下部岩心观察和薄片分析，识别出水力破裂角砾、砂岩脉、水力破裂裂缝及活化同沉积裂缝4种水力破裂作用产物，水力破裂角砾之间具有可拼合性，脉体具有明显流体作用痕迹；本区水力破裂发生于欠压实带周围的&壳&中。

This paper develops a series of study of design, simulations and test on a bar vertex ban inlet uniflow hydrocyclone providing an alternative to the traditional hydrocyclone with the actual situation of its separation mechanism and test research.

本论文结合水力旋流器分离机理及实验研究存在的实际情况，针对区别于常规水力旋流器的新型涡流板入口结构直流式水力旋流器开展了一系列的设计研究和模拟实验，并同返流式水力旋流器进行比较。

With the higher requirement of the low energy lost of hydrocyclone, especially single-level hydrocyclone inaccessible separation standard, industrialization requirements are carried out by series-parallel connection of multilevel hydrocyclone. Thus, the utilization of uniflow hydrocyclone becomes more and more abroad when the hydrocyclone changes its role from primary ultimate separation equipment to advance separation equipment.

随着对水力旋流器低能耗提出更高的要求，特别是单靠一级水力旋流器很难达到分离标准，需要通过多级水力旋流器串并联来实现工业化要求，水力旋流器从原来的终极分离设备变为预分离设备，这种角色的转变是直流式水力旋流器的应用日渐增多的重要原因。

Results show this new-inlet hydrocyclone has original sides on liquid spin-making and stabilize its flow field. Moreover this gradual contraction inlet may translate some pressure energy of liquid into kinetic energy and increase circumrotate speed. These play active actions on improving separation efficiency. Moreover, the uniflow hydrocyclone has the traits of big capacity, low pressure drop and a little low separation efficiency in contrast to the returned flow hydrocyclone. This hydrocyclone system has the higher separation property in contrast to the single-level hydrocyclone.

实验结果表明：这种新型入口结构水力旋流器在流体的导旋方面具有独到之处，能很好的形成稳定的流场；同时这种渐缩式入口方式，可将来液的一部分压能逐渐转化为动能，提高了旋流速度，对提高分离效率起到积极作用；采用新型入口的直流式水力旋流器比返流式水力旋流器压降低，处理量大且分离效率略低；组成返流式水力旋流器串联系统相对于单级水力旋流器具有更高的分离性能。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。