水力

It deals with the invention and development of time-keeping apparatus in our country during a historical period of some three thousand years, tracing this development from remote antiquity with its sundial and clepsydra making use of the shadow of the sun down to the Dynasties of Han, Sui, Tang and Sung with their water-powered astronomical clockworks...

自远古利用日影的圭表和日晷起，中间经汉、隋、唐、宋等朝代，附装在水力天文仪器上的水力天文钟，都采用了齿轮和凸轮的传动，即已都属于机械性。元代郭守敬以后，到明初的詹希元，更发展到独立时钟机构，並有了指针和表盘。可是近四百年，即自明代万历年间，西洋的自鸣钟传来我国，我国在计时器方面的工作，始终在模制阶段，自己的发明遂归于停顿。那次会议闭幕以后，会中曾用英文出版一次，我国1956年12月，《天文学报》4卷2期用中文出版一次。现在根据一些新资料，重新加以增删和改正。

The removal of CODcr: During the period of high temperature, when the hydraulic load increases gradually from 4.92 ml/L-d to 39.39 ml/L-d, the water quality of the effluent doesnt changes too much and the removal ratio stabilizes above 70% mostly; During the period of low temperature, the removal ratio of CODo can only reach 40% even if the hydraulic load is as low as 4.92 ml/L-d.

COD_的去除：高温时期，当水力负荷在4.92～39.39ml／L·d的范围内逐渐增加时，出水水质变化不大，去除率基本稳定在70％以上；低温时期，即使采用4.92ml／L·d的低水力负荷进水，COD_的去除率也只能达到40％左右。

The results also showed that the process of downflow combined with upflow wetland was better than other kind of combined process in cold and warm weather,the endurance of this kind of combination to high hydraulic loading was also more preferable than others.That is to say,the downflowupflow process was an ideal combined wetland process in treating wastewater.

试验结果显示，如果采用塘系统作组合单元在湿地系统中前置比较理想，而在不同的季节，不同水力负荷下的冲击试验结果表明，复合垂直流湿地系统可以常年保持稳定的、较高的磷去除能力，而且对水力变化具有更好的耐受性能。

From the results obtained in the study, the following conclusions can be made:The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully. This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation, moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number. But the different mechanism of various enhancive processes (chemical and physical processes) results in different effect by cavitation number.The effect of operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, temperature and time on cavitation indicate that optimum operating conditions exist at the cavitation enhancive effect is maximum.It is important to optimize the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for achieving a desired effect. A reasonable geometric parameter can promote the enhancive effect for a fixed hydrodynamic condition.Ventilating appropriate gas to cavitating flow can increase cavitational intensity and hence promote the enhancive effect of hydrodynamic cavitation.

研究结果表明：亚甲基蓝分光光度计法，能够成功地捕捉到水力空化产生的羟自由基，是定量检测空化自由基简便易行的有效方法；空化程度随空化数的减小而增强，但对于不同的强化过程，因其强化机理不同，故空化数对强化效应的影响也不同；水力空化系统的压力、温度及时间等操作参数对空化强化效应的影响规律表明：在适宜的操作条件下可产生最佳的空化强化效果；空化发生器结构的优化设计是保证空化强化效应的重要前提，在一定的水力学条件下，合理的结构尺寸可以增强空化作用效果：往水流中适量加入干扰气体能够提高空化强度，增强空化强化效果。

On the basis of Erne river intake of floodway , the method of hydraulic design and calculation for great flood diversion gates is studied .

本文结合入海水道二河分洪枢纽，对大型分洪闸的水力设计和计算方法进行了有益的探讨，并将其研究成果应用于二河新闸的水力设计。

The calculating of its normal depth and critical water depth have no explicit function.

U形渠道断面水力和结构性能优越，是渠道输水工程中较常采用的断面形式之一，水力计算中的正常水深、临界水深求解无显函数形式的表达公式。

Analysing the investigations on the hydraulic characteristics of flood tunnels in recent years, the hydraulic research of flat-bottomed bottom outlets was carried out by means of physical model and theoretical analysis.

在对近年来国内外有关泄洪洞水力特性文献总结分析研究的基础上，本文通过物理模型试验、理论分析等研究手段对平底底孔的水力特性进行了研究。

Consulted the hydrostat discount rate method used in the tunnel lining designation to determine the external water pressure, the slope stability factor algorithm simplified osmotic pressure in aeration zone to hydrostatic pressure after discount on the basis of investigation was suggested for the first time.

以现场调查为基础，参照水工隧洞设计中考虑外水压力的水力折减系数法，首次提出了将包气带渗透力概化为经水力折减后的面力的简化算法。

The first part of the whole, including: the main-scale displacement and the identification, map type, weight and general layout of calculating the focus of the plan is formally established; into the second performance, including: self-transformation and-line mapping, static water Calculation and static hydraulic curve, the stability of floating state calculation; third dip into the calculation; summed up into the fourth part, based on an evaluation of the design, lessons learned, the comprehensive knowledge.

第一部分为总体部分，包括：排水量及主尺度的确定、型线图、重量重心计算和总布置正式图的确定；第二部分为性能部分，包括：仿式变换与型线图绘制、静水力计算及静水力曲线图、稳性浮态计算；第三部分为大倾角计算；第四部分为总结部分，为本次设计作出评价，总结经验教训，综合所学知识。什么专业的？搞这么复杂的东西。报酬就免了，给了我也拿不到。

The coupling model of hydraulic and mechanic was used with the iteration solving method.

分析时考虑了水力模型和力学模型的耦合，采用水力和力学模型逐步迭代的方法求解。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失