水分子

Then the PMAA molecules were modified on the array membranes, molecular transport under different pH value was investigated by fluorescence measurements using tris(22-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium hexahydrate and quantum dots as probes.

接着将PMAA分子修饰到氨基化金纳米通道阵列膜上，以联钌吡啶和水溶性量子点为探针考察了不同pH值下膜的渗透性。

The effects of different factors on the laser-induced graft polymerization on the PET surface were analyzed, and the mechanisms were discussed. The factors were: 1 Monomers with smaller molecules resulted in better modification than polymeric monomers. Acrylamide monomer was chosen as hydrophilic modifier finally; 2 Higher concentration of the monomer solution favored the graft reaction; 3 With the increasing laser fluence, the surface hydrophilicity of PET films increased at first, then decreased. More laser pulses led to a more hydrophilic surface; 4 Benzophenone as a photosensitizer hindered the graft polymerization; 5 The homopolymer retardant of ammonium iron sulfate hexahydrate in a proper concentration retarded the formation of homopolymers and promotes the graft copolymerization; 6 The solvent of monomer solution also affected the graft reaction. Different solvents functioned in different ways. Ethanol can promote the graft reaction because of the activity of hydrogen in its structure; 7 pH value of the monomer solution affects the polymerization rate, and a lower pH value was favorable to the graft reaction.

这些影响因素的作用分别为：1小分子单体的表面改性效果好，确定以丙烯酰胺为亲水性改性单体；2较高的单体溶液浓度有利于接枝反应；3激光能量密度增大，薄膜表面亲水性先显著增强，后又减弱；激光脉冲次数越多，改性后表面亲水性越强；4光敏剂BP对PET表面接枝聚合反应有阻碍作用；5适当浓度的均聚物抑制剂六水合硫酸铁铵能减少单体均聚物的生成，促进接枝聚合；6单体溶液的溶剂也影响接枝聚合的反应进程，不同溶剂的影响作用原理不同，含较活泼氢的乙醇能促进接枝反应；7溶液pH值影响单体聚合速率，pH值较低有利于接枝反应。

PNIPA hydrogel has been utilized in many fields, such as drug release, enzyme immobilization and molecular separation.

PNIPA水凝胶已经在许多领域内得到应用，如药物的控制释放、固定化酶和分子分离等。

The results show that PVP can chemically bond with PVA and form composite hydrogel with PVA in molecular level.

结果表明，PVP能与PVA通过化学键合形成分子级混合的PVA/PVP复合水凝胶。

Active force of the static electric power that exists between the element, scanty water and hydrogenous key force can be right the mechanism of fossilization makes bigger impact, induce multilayer and adsorptive fossilization pattern possibly even.

分子间存在的静电力、疏水作用力及氢键力能对固定化的机理构成较大影响，甚至可能诱发多层吸附的固定化模式。

The effects of the size of hydrophilic/hydrophobic chain on the emulsion polymerization are investigated in detail.

该嵌段共聚物是很好的聚丙烯酸酯乳液稳定剂，论文中详细研究了嵌段共聚物分子链中的亲水亲油链段的尺寸大小对乳液性能的影响。

We suggest that the protein moled of this AFP may have two different kinds of interactions with and effects on water and ice crystal.

我们认为，这种AFP分子对水及冰晶很可能有两种不同的相互作用和影响。

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

Results indicate that non-covalent bonds, including hydrogen bond and hydrophobic reaction contribute most to the coagulating reaction, while ionic bond and disulfide bond have little effect on the coagulating process.

结果发现凝固过程中的分子间作用力主要是氢键和疏水作用，而离子键和二硫键对凝固过程影响不大。

Ionize molecules dissolve in water after the connected with the pro-oil-based baseband Yin charged hydrophilic surfactant.

分子溶于水发生电离后，与亲油基相连的亲水基带阴电荷的表面活性剂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。