水分子

Treatment under mild condition with solvent of lower polarity was in favor of keeping the molecular structure and properties such as water-solubility, gelatination, etc. Acetyl groups were partially eliminated when purified by Pb2 method, leading to increased crystallinity and glass temperature, which resulted in losts of water-solubility and gelatinability. Owing to the slight oxidative degradation with H2O2 method, the changes of chain size and some functional groups of KGM molecule led to decrease of viscosity and excessive swelling rate.

采用温和条件及低极性溶剂有利於保持KGM本身的分子结构以及水溶性、凝胶性等性能；而Pb2法由於部分脱去了KGM的乙酰基，导致结晶度变大，玻璃化温度升高，最终失去水溶性和凝胶性；H2O2法则由於对KGM造成了氧化降解，也改变了分子链的大小以及部分基团，从而导致粘度降低以及溶涨速度较快。

The impact of temperature,pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition of the hydrogels is studied.The result shows that the volume phase transition temperature of ionizable and thermosenstive copolymer hydrogels depend upon the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the comonomers...

结果表明，疏水基末端端基的疏水程度决定凝胶体积相变的速率，随着疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸酯烷基链的增长，凝胶的疏水性增强，凝胶的相转变pH向低pH处迁移；温度高于LCST时，分子间的氢键作用减弱，疏水基团间的相互作用加强，凝胶发生体积相变。

Influence of Plant Growth Regulator on the Germination Percentage and Seedling Growth of Lolium perenne L .;3. Detection and Quantification of the Endophyte in Lolium perenne L .

由于碱木素中胶体分子有带电的核和溶剂化外壳，构成亲水基因，从而具有一定的表面活性，掺入混凝土中能起一定的减水效应。

It is especially discussed that the principle, operation process and effects of the operation parameters on the characteristic of the products when the hydrophilic drug micronized with the supercritical assisted atomization which is an improvement on the supercritical anti-solvent technology. It is also introduced that the embedment of hydrophobic drug into biodegradable materials with the use of surfactant as well as the effect of different molecular weight of carrier and different ratio of complex carrier on the characteristic of products is made. It is pointed out that the use of surfactant will improve the micronization of microparticles of the hydrophobic drugs.

在药物微粉化方面，着重介绍了超临界辅助原子化法对水溶性药物的处理，包括该方法的原理、操作方法以及操作参数对产品性能的影响，证明该方法用于改善水溶性药物的微粉化具有良好的效果；在制备药物微球方面，重点介绍了不同操作条件和不同分子质量的载体、不同配比的复合载体对药物微球性能的影响以及表面活性剂在亲脂性及离子型药物微球制备中的应用，指出添加表面活性剂将更有利于得到该类药物的微球。

The WAR of HWAR with lower WAR such as polyacrylic salt graft polymer decreased more slowly at the same fertilizer concentration than that with higher WAR except urea and monoammonium phosphate. But the polyacrylic salt graft polymer with higher WAR could resistant higher fertilizer concentration.

但不同肥料品种对HWAR吸水倍率的影响程度不同：供试肥料中，尿素由于是中性分子，它对HWAR吸水倍率的影响最小，其它肥料对HWAR的影响程度依过磷酸钙、磷酸一铵、硫酸钾、氯化铵、硫酸铵、氯化钾顺序递减。

UV resonance Raman and UV-VIS absorption spectra have been measured ofaqueous solutions of an azobenzene-containing,single-chain amphiphile overwide ranges of temperature and concentration.

在共振拉曼光谱中，发现〓带强比随温度的变化而变化，并在化水点有一个突变，这是由于双分子膜间界水在冰点前后对膜聚集态产生的影响所致。

As the results, both the friction and wear are much lower in n-monohydric alcohols than in water; in ethanol, the friction and wear increase rapidly when a small amount of water was blended into the lubricant; the friction and wear decrease slightly with increasing the chain length in n-alcohols; in polyhydric alcohols, the increase of the hydroxyl number greatly reduces the friction and wear.

研究结果表明，陶瓷在醇中的摩擦和磨损均比水中低；在乙醇中加入少量水可明显增大其摩擦和磨损；随着一元醇分子链长的增加，其摩擦磨损略有降低；多元醇中羟基数目越多，其摩擦磨损越低。

The results showed that: 1 under the hydroponic culture established in this research, the experimental wheat plants grew well andperformed the typical architecture responses when exposed in Pi deprivation. Hemi-qantitative RT-PCR revealed that the transcriptional level of known P response gene changed dramatically; 2 In general the length of wheat root axis and the root/ shoot ratio arose when the Pi supply was deprived, however, the change models differed among different wheat genotypes. The investigation on their molecular basis would offer the useful clue for seeking high phosphorus efficiency protoplasma and gene resources of wheat.

结果表明：1在研究建立的小麦水培体系中，小麦植株生长正常并对磷饥饿胁迫条件做出发育形态建成水平的反应；半定量RT-PCR分析显示在此体系中小麦磷响应基因也在转录水平上产生显著变化；2在水培条件下不同基因型小麦对磷饥饿胁迫的反应总体上表现在根轴长度和根冠比有所提高，但不同基因型小麦的反应特点有差异；对这些反应特征的分子机理的深入分析可为有效筛选磷高效小麦新种质以及发掘磷高效基因资源提供线索。

Thirdly, the precipitation phenomena and pH-curves of the compressed COi-ethanol-water system with BSA or lysozyme were studied, and it was found that: BSA would precipitate when pH of solution decreased close to isoelectric point, and the precipitate would redissolve when pH decreased further.

蛋白质分子结构数据表明，乙醇还在一定程度上改变了蛋白质分子的表面结构，这影响到了蛋白质的缓冲能力等特性，从而乙醇对加压CO_2-乙醇-水-蛋白质多元体系的pH变化有降低的作用，这使体系可处理的蛋白质浓度较加压CO_2-水-蛋白质体系大幅度提高。

We have studiedthe coordination water-substituted reactions and the phase-transferchemistry of dozens of trinuclear or tetranuclear sandwich-typePOMs and found that organic molecules or polymers can becoordinated to these polyanions after dehydration, thus more thanone hundred coordinated products are obtained, indicating that thesepolyanions are excellent ligands in organic solvents.

我们首次对夹心三、四核等几十种化合物中配位水进行了配位水取代反应及相转移化学研究，脱水后可配位有机分子或有机高分子，得到上百种配位产物，因此在有机溶剂中它们是优秀的配体。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。