水分

With methods of limited areas, root systems of plant individuals were limited in a specific range, providing definite spatial boundary and solid basis for calculation of water requirement needed by plant individuals. On the basis of calculation of amount of water requirement, areas needed by every species to ensure enough water requirement are as follows: Populus simonii is 80.3m〓, Ulmus macrocarpa is 35. 4m〓, Artemisia halodendron is 7. 0m〓, Salix gordejvii is 11. 2m〓. Prunus armeniaca is 15. 2m〓, and Caragana microphylla is 15. 6m〓. The corresponding rational density of plantation which can maintain soil water balance and can ensure plantation stability is 125 individuals/ha for Populus simonii, 285 individuals/ha for Ulmus macrocarpa, 625 individuals/ha for Prunus armeniaca, 625 individuals/ha for Caragana microphylla, 833 individuals/ha for Salix gordejvii, and 1428 individuals/ha for Artemisia halodendron, respectively.

运用有限面积法将植物根系限制在明确的边界内，为植物耗水量的计算提供了一个明确的空间边界范围和可靠的基础，探索性和尝试性地得出了近似野外真实状态下植物个体的耗水量，以此为基础计算得出小叶锦鸡儿、山杏、黄柳、差巴嘎蒿、榆树、杨树等树种的水分营养面积分别是15.6m〓、15.2m〓、11.2m〓、7.0m〓、35.4m〓和80.3m〓，与此对应的能够维持林地土壤水分平衡和林分稳定性的各树种人工林的合理密度为：杨树125株/公顷，榆树285株/公顷，杏树625株/公顷，小叶锦鸡儿625株/公顷，黄柳833株/公顷，差巴嘎蒿1428株/公顷。

The analyzed results showed that there were obvious different soil moistures in a gully watershed. The higher water content was in the gully top which was 10.3% of volume.

分析结果表明，切沟中浅层土壤水分空间分异规律明显，沟顶土壤水分状况较好，土壤容积湿度达到 10 。3%。

In many xerophytes and in some conifers of cooler climates, where soil water may be difficult to obtain in winter, the guard cells-and hence the stoma-are sunk in pits in the epidermis, often protected by hairs form passing air currents. TRANSPIRATION rates are thus greatly reduced, while allowing gaseous exchange for photosynthesis.

一些旱生植物和寒冷气候带的针叶树在冬季很难从土壤中得到水分，因此它们的保卫细胞和气孔在表皮上下陷成为气孔窝，常被表皮毛保护，可以在满足光合作用所需的气体交换的同时防止通过的气流带走大量水分，大大降低了植物呼吸率。

The movement of air dries plants between waterings which helps to avoid any disease due to overwatering.

流动的空气可以使植株在水分较多的情况下尽快保持干燥，从而避免由于水分过多而产生的各种病害。

So we made the tests of ecophysiology of citrus in the red soil which contain different amount of water in the typical red soil region of China from 2003 to 2004. This project was also put in practice together with the economic irrigation project which was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Programe of China ("863").Two-year potted plants and 9-year mature satsuma mandarin trees Citrus unshiu Marc.cv.

为探索柑橘在不同红壤水分状况下的生理生态要素变化特征和机理，或为减轻红壤干旱对柑橘生长的伤害和对产量、品质的负面影响，或为红壤地区柑橘果园节水灌溉提供理论依据，本文结合国家&863&高技术研究发展计划农业节水专项(2002AA2Z4331)的实施，于2003-2004年在中国典型红壤地区进行了不同红壤水分条件下柑橘的生理生态反应试验。

The methods of field experiment, simulation experiment and analysis were used to study the effects of the different measures (i.e., mulching, fertilization and irrigation) to control the supply of water and nutrients on nutrient uptakes, accumulations and translocation of winter wheat; and their relationship with the accumulations of dry matter and water use efficiency were also analyzed.

因此，本研究以冬小麦为供试作物，采用田间试验、模拟试验和室内分析等相结合的研究方法，探讨了不同水肥调控技术措施对小麦生长发育过程中养分吸收、累积和转移等的效应，及其与干物质累积、水分利用效率等间的关系，并从土壤养分和水分的动态变化、根系生长和生理代谢指标的测定3个方面分析了其机理。

This paper discusses the varying laws of soil water and nutrients in thecase of different fertilizer conditions thereby to reveal the effects of water and fertilizerand its inter-reaction upon crop nutrient uptakes,moisture utilization and growth anddevelopment.

探讨了旱地农田不同水肥条件下土壤水分和养分的变化规律，揭示了水和肥及其相互作用对作物养分吸收、水分利用以及生长发育的影响。

The water content and soil nutrient concentration are the highest near the 155-meter height of water level. The vertical distribution of vegetation spatial pattern demonstrates four belts, which respectively include Floodplain annual herb belt, Xanthium sibiricum belt, Paspalum paspaeoides belt and riparian Heights High-grass plants belt.

3受三峡库区蓄水水位变动影响下的的研究区域，表征河流生境变化的水分格局、土壤养分、植被分布均表现为明显的梯度变化，水分、土壤养分在155m附近为最高；植被空间格局呈四个带垂直分布，即从低海拔到高海拔依次为河漫滩一年生草本植物带、苍耳带、双穗雀稗带和河岸高地高草植物带。

The result shows that the erosion presents as incision when the riverbed is relative narrow and deep; To the low-water branching reach with strong boundary conditions where the riverbed is wide and shallow, the scour and deposit variation characteristics mainly presents as erosion and deposition adjustment of river island, height deviation of thalweg in the inlets and the adjustment of split ratio after impoundment To the low-water branching reach where the riverbed is wide and shallow and the lateral boundary conditions are weak, the scour and deposit variation characteristics is not restricted to the adjustment of split ratio, and the pattern of the braided reach may even be changed.

结果表明：当河段相对窄深时，河段冲刷主要为下切；当河段为相对宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束较强时，蓄水以后的冲淤变化主要体现为江心洲滩的冲淤调整、汊道深泓高程差的冲淤调整，并引起主支汊分流比的调整；当河段为较为宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束相对较弱时，则冲刷调整不仅限于分流比的调整，甚至会导致大的分汊格局的调整。

The quantitative study on the influences of soil structural properties and total organic material content on soil water characteristics, such as water holding within low suctions and saturated infiltration, especially the usage of fractal dimension, can be used in simplifying regional experienced forests-hydrological models.

4定量揭示了研究区土壤结构和有机质含量对土壤低吸力段持水性能、饱和渗透速率等水分的影响，尤其是分形理论的应用，可以为简化区域性经验水文模型奠定基础，同时明确了土壤结构稳定性、水分性质、有机质含量等在土壤侵蚀防治中的作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。