水凝胶

This is due to the large amount of water, the polymer has a high degree of branching structure, adding a small amount of water so that they can support each other elements of the polymer condensation to form larger, supporting a higher degree of macromolecules, Generate up to form a mesh structure on the gel.

这是由于水用量较大时，聚合物已经呈现较高支化度的结构，少量水的加入就可以使这些支化的聚合物分子相互缩聚形成更大、支化度更高的大分子，直到生成网状结构时就形成凝胶。

However, the gelation tune was decreased with the increase of water amount and increased with the increase of ethanol amount.

在类似"两步法"中，通过同时使用的氢氟酸和氨水，凝胶化时间更短，其最佳条件是无水乙醇和水与正硅酸四乙酯的体积比各自是4和0.6，同时加入氢氟酸和氨水的体积比为1：1时，获得的比表面积最大。

Hematin was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode surface by agarose hydrogel.

用循环伏安法研究了血红素-琼脂糖凝胶修饰电极在水和有机溶剂/水混合溶液中的电化学和催化还原过氧化物的性质。

Finally, the grafting polymerization of textile materials initiated by microwave low temperature plasma was conducted. Knitted cotton fabric was grafted by AMPS first, then knitted cotton and terylene/cotton fabrics were grafted with AMPS/NIPA dualistic monomers respectively. By means of grafting polymerization, the P dualisticintelligent hydrogel was added to textile.The influences of the factors on add-on, such as treatment time and power of plasma, concentrations of crosslinking agent and total monomers, proportion of AMPS, polymerizing temperature and time etc, was studied fully. The optimal conditions of grafting polymerization initiated by microwave low temperature plasma were determined by orthogonal design, variance analysis and mathematical statistics method so as to analyze the main influencing factors. Then swelling/deswelling kinetics, temperature-sensitivity and pH-sensitivity of grafted textile were studied. The performance indexes of hydrostatic pressure, moisture permeability and bursting strength of the knitted cotton and terylene/cotton fabrics before and after grafting were compared and evaluated synthetically.

此后用微波低温等离子体引发纺织材料的接枝聚合反应，分别研究了棉针织物接枝AMPS和棉、涤棉混纺针织物接枝AMPS/NIPA二元单体，使智能凝胶以接枝的方式添加到纺织材料上；详细探讨了微波低温等离子体处理功率和时间、总单体浓度、AMPS单体浓度、交联剂浓度及聚合反应温度和时间等因素对增重率的影响，通过正交设计、方差分析及数理统计对各影响因子进行分析，确定了微波低温等离子体引发接枝聚合的最佳工艺条件；对接枝纺织材料的失水-吸水动力学、温度敏感性、pH敏感性等进行了研究；对接枝前后棉、涤棉混纺针织物的静水压、透湿性和顶破强力等服用性能指标进行了对比和综合评价。

However, it is difficult for the quartz substrate to scale-down by photolithography. In this article, we develop another type of piezoelectric material, PbZrxTi(1-x)O3, as a thin film by sol-gel route to replace the quartz crystal as a resonator. The novel hydrothermal annealing with microwave system is proposed to substitute the conventional furnace annealing.

本研究则是用同样具有压电性质的材料锆钛酸铅(PbZrxTi1-xO3)，以溶胶－凝胶法制成压电薄膜，来取代传统的石英晶体；再以微波反应系统进行水热式退火，来取代传统高温制程上的热处理方式，同时根据实验结果，进一步推论水热式退火的反应机制。

The magnetite with a mean diameter of 8nm was prepared by chemical coprecipitation methods. By the addition of nonionized oleic acid to the suspension of magnetite in solution during precipitation, the magnetite nanoparticles were coated with a double surfactant layer. A gel-like precipitated precursor is then formed because of the hydrophobic interaction among those coated units. By transferring of this precursor to an organic solvent, the surfactant double layer on Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles reduces to one; however, it still remains as a double layer by transferring to an alkaline aqueous solution. Both these cases give in stable colloids of superparamagnetic Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles.

从解决无机磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒与有机烯类单体的相容性入手，采用化学共沉淀法，制备了平均直径为8nm的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒，在制备过程中以非离子形式引入油酸，在Fe〓O〓颗粒表面形成一个具有双层结构的疏水外壳，并通过疏水相互作用凝聚成磁性Fe〓O〓凝胶，能够以单分子层结构形式溶解在非极性溶剂中，也能够以双分子层结构形式溶解在碱性水溶液中，形成稳定的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓溶胶。

SiO 2/TiO 2 superhydrophilic coating on glazed tile substrate was prepared by solgel method,the surface chemical composition, contact angle of water and photographs of surface of the coating were studied by use of XPS,photomicroscopy and SEM.

用溶胶 -凝胶方法在釉面砖上制备了SiO2 /TiO2 超亲水涂层，用XPS、光学显微镜和SEM研究了涂层的表面化学组成、水润湿角和表面形貌。

Cheese in storage for the relationships between physicochemistry, rheology andmicrostructure Reasearching for physicochemistry, microstructure and rheology of cheeses showed: as aresult of the casein hydrolysis and broken casein gel network structure, there decomposed smallermaterial. Moreover, hydrophobic amino acid residue on protein surface increased, hydrophobicinteraction enhanced, which lead to a closer connection with casein micelles.

干酪在贮藏期理化、流变学和微观结构三者的关系通过对干酪的理化、流变学和微观结构的研究表明：在干酪的贮藏过程中，由于酪蛋白的水解，酪蛋白原有凝胶网络结构被破坏，分解产生更小的物质；并且，蛋白质表面疏水氨基酸残基增多，疏水相互作用增强，致使酪蛋白结合更紧密。

Spherical composite inorganic ion-exchanger s,hydrated titanium dioxide-hydrated antimony pentoxide,were prepared using sol-gel method and their ion exchange properties for Sr 2+and Cs + as well as their composition,structure and stability were investigated in this paper.

用溶胶 凝胶的方法制备了水合二氧化钛水合五氧化二锑球形复合无机离子交换剂，研究了其对Sr2 +和Cs+的离子交换性能，并对其组成、结构及稳定性作了初步的研究。

AlPO4 was synthesized by a Sol-Gel method. Its coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by dilatometer. Its corrosion behavior was tested in an environment of 50vol%H2O/50vol%O2 with a flow rate of 0.085cm/s at 1350℃. The phases and composition of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectroscope. The microstructures of AlPO4 were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope.

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了一种AlPO4环境障碍涂层材料，测定了其热膨胀系数，在1350℃、50vol% H2O/50vol%O2、1.013×105 Pa、气体流速0.085cm/s的水氧耦合环境中研究了其抗水氧腐蚀性能，并利用X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪和扫描电子显微镜分析了材料组成和微观结构。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐