水凝胶

Transmission Electron Microscope and other properties testing results show that the complex emulsifier system is the crucial influence factor of the polymerization process and the properties of products. It may influence the coagulum content and reaction rate of the polymerization process, the performance, particle diameter,viscosity, electrolyte stability and storage stability of the emulsion products and the contact angle of the film.The initiator mainly influences the coagulum content and reaction rate.The acrylic monomers mainly influence the solid content, Minimum Film Formation Temperature of the emulsion and the Glass Transition Temperature of the film.The organic silicone monomer mainly influences the water absorption of the film.The reaction temperature mainly influences the reaction rate and conversion.The stirring intensity mainly influences the coagulum content of the polymerization process.

透射电镜等性能测试结果显示：复合乳化剂体系是硅丙共聚乳液的聚合过程及产品性能的主要影响因素，它可以对聚合过程的凝胶率、反应速率以及乳液的外观、粒径、粘度、耐电解质稳定性及贮存稳定性，还有乳液涂膜的接触角等造成不同程度的影响；引发剂主要影响反应速率和凝胶率；丙烯酸酯单体主要影响到乳液的固含量、最低成膜温度以及涂膜的玻璃化转变温度，有机硅单体主要影响涂膜的吸水率等；聚合反应温度主要影响乳液的反应速率和转化率等；搅拌强度主要是影响到聚合过程的凝胶率。

The performances of Ceramic-wood composite such as decay resistance, dimensional stability and effloresce resistance were improved owing to the introduction of the cymene, which reducing the inner stress of gel net, meliorating the brittleness and reducing the absorbility of gel.

CH3可以降低凝胶网络内应力，改善凝胶的脆性，同时憎水基团－CH3还可以降低凝胶的吸水性，因而材料的尺寸稳定性、耐风化和耐腐朽性能都得到提高。

The hydrophobic association in heating process is not the same as the disassociation in cooling. Thermal gelation behavior is strongly influenced by the degree of substitution.

HPMC的两个取代基团对热凝胶过程的影响效果是相反的，羟丙基和水分子之间的氢键作用对预凝胶阶段的开始起着阻碍作用，而甲氧基则对凝胶阶段的大分子的疏水结合起促进作用。

Erials, such as instable geltime, low stability, poor underwatererosion resistance and so on, and based on the short geltime features of ordinary cement sodium silicate and alkaliactivated salic cementitious materials, an ideal structure model of high performance sodium silicate suspension twoshot groutingmaterial is established. An experiment is undertaken to verify the solidification value of Na+ and watererosion resistance of a grouting material combined with cement and metakaolinsodium silicate. This paper puts forward a compact structure with a dominant ingredient of—Si—Al—H zeolite gel and a minor part of C—S—H by means of IR and SEM microanalysis method.

摘要］ 针对隧道注浆工程用普通水泥水玻璃双液注浆材料存在凝胶时间不稳定、产物稳定性和抗地下水侵蚀性能差等主要问题，结合普通水泥水玻璃快速胶凝和碱激发硅铝质胶凝材料的特点，建立了高性能水玻璃悬浊型双液注浆材料的理想结构模型，并通过水泥复合偏高岭土水玻璃注浆材料的Na+固化性能和抗水溶蚀性能进行了试验验证，结合IR和SEM微观测试分析手段提出其组成结构应是以—Si—Al—H类沸石凝胶物质为主、C—S—H为辅的复合共存密实结构。

The major hydrate is CSH gel under this condition. Curing of mortar in water increases the hydration degree of the binder with or without thermal proceeding. In addition to more CSH gels, some ettringite is formed.

试样脱模后在60 ℃蒸养6 h将阻碍无水石膏向二水石膏转化，但促进粉煤灰的火山灰反应，此时主要水化产物是CSH凝胶；继续水养护进一步促进胶结材的水化，除生成较多CSH凝胶外，还有部分钙矾石生成。

For the reaction between divinyl sulfone and N-ethylethylene-diamine or N-methylpropane-1, 3-diamine , no cross-linking occurred when the feed ratio of A〓 to BB'〓 was 1/1. When the feed ratio of DV to NDA or NPA is 3/2, no cross-linking occurred too in organic solvents such as DMSO, DMF and NMP, while cross-linking does occur in water.

对于二乙烯基砜与N-乙基乙二胺或N-甲基-1，3-丙二胺的反应，当加料配比为1／1时，反应在水和有机溶剂中不会凝胶；当配比为3／2时，反应在有机溶剂中亦不凝胶，而在水中反应时，会经过一种&假凝胶&过程，并最终发生凝胶。

The characteristics of the AP include (1) in addition to the formation of hydrogel in aqueous alkaline or polar organic solution, AP can form carbonaceous hydrogel in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions, which extents the application of carbonaceous sol-gel;(2) AP contains a large amount of nitric groups which decomposes quickly by thermal initiation, releasing a large amount of gases and heat, indicating explosive properties of the AP;(3) metal salt-containing AP is also explosible by thermal initiation, and the metal in AP promotes the explosion.

以沥青为碳源，用氧化法制备水性沥青过程中，浓硫酸和浓硝酸的比例、用量、氧化温度及氧化时间对水性沥青的收率皆有影响。经过氧化后，沥青上含有许多含氧官能团，导致水性沥青溶于水。含氧官能团越多，水性沥青越易溶于水。调节制备条件，可使水性沥青不仅可以在碱性水溶液中形成凝胶，而且可以在中性和酸性水溶液中形成溶胶、凝胶，从而拓宽了炭基溶胶—凝胶法制备炭基纳米材料的应用范围。

The impact of temperature,pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition of the hydrogels is studied.The result shows that the volume phase transition temperature of ionizable and thermosenstive copolymer hydrogels depend upon the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the comonomers...

结果表明，疏水基末端端基的疏水程度决定凝胶体积相变的速率，随着疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸酯烷基链的增长，凝胶的疏水性增强，凝胶的相转变pH向低pH处迁移；温度高于LCST时，分子间的氢键作用减弱，疏水基团间的相互作用加强，凝胶发生体积相变。

Secondly, according to the construction and characteristic of the N-isopropylacrylamide and the temperature-sensitivity of PNIPA hydrogel, Pdualistic hydrogel was synthesized by microwave low temperature plasma. The effects of the factors on the swelling characteristic of P dualistic hydrogel, such as treatment time and power of plasma, concentrations of crosslinking agent and total monomers, proportion of AMPS, polymerizing temperature etc, was discussed in detail. The three dimensions structure , thermostability , reversional volume , swelling/deswelling kinetics, temperature-sensitivity and pH-sensitivity of the hydrogel were also investigated. The optimal synthesizing technics of P dualistic hydrogel initiated by microwave low temperature plasma was confirmed.

在此基础上，结合NIPA的结构特征和PNIPA的温敏性，用微波低温等离子体引发聚合了P二元智能凝胶，详细探讨了微波低温等离子体处理功率、处理时间、总单体浓度、AMPS单体浓度、交联剂浓度及聚合反应溫度等因素对P二元凝胶溶胀性能的影响；并对其三维交联结构、热稳定性、失水-吸水动力学、温度敏感性、pH敏感性、体积复原性等进行了研究；确定了适合微波低温等离子体引发聚合P二元智能凝胶的最佳工艺。

A water molecular gel can be formed by the aggregation and self-assembly of gelator 4,4′-bisstearylamide diphenyl ether at very low concentration.

合成了一种新型凝胶因子，能在很低的浓度下使水发生凝胶化，形成水分子凝胶。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐