水冷的

In the invention, heat exchanging pipe is washed once by water in every interval. The scale removal flow is provided with big shear stress and strong embedding ability. It can wash gruel sale of the pipe wall down and clean on line so that purposes of maintaining high-efficiency heat conduction of air cooler, prolonging the running period of air cooler and decreasing operation cost, are achieved.

本发明每间隔一段时间，通入水对换热管束冲刷一次，除垢水流的剪切应力大，裹挟能力强，能使管壁上剥落的粥样水垢冲刷掉，起到在线清洗的作用，从而达到维持空冷器高效传热、延长空冷器运行周期、降低运行成本的目的。

The method to determine the limited temperature for dry/wet running conditions was presented. Multi-object frame optimization model were developed. Combined with the thermal and hydraulic correlations for dry/wet conditions of plate wet air cooler, the optimization model can be used to optimize the dry/wet limited temperature and frame parameters.

提出了湿式空冷器干湿工况运行界限温度的确定方法，建立了板式湿式空冷器多目标结构优化模型，结合实验得到的干湿工况下板束内外侧阻力、传热传质关联式以及喷淋水膜对流换热关联式，该优化模型可用于干湿工况运行界限温度与结构参数的优化。

The operation principle of the air cooling system is to lead the gas from the steam turbine to cooling fin which is 40 meters high, then, cool the gas using air outside the pipe and wind from the cooling fan. Change the gas to water, and now collect the water to condensational water tank.

直接空冷系统的工作原理是将凉水塔取代，将汽轮机排汽管引至四十米以上的高度，进入带翅片的管束，通过管内始终循环，再利用循环中的空气和风机向上的引风来冷却，将蒸汽凝结成水，冷凝水从管束流至收集系统至冷凝水箱，将水反复使用。

To solve the existing problems concerning cone bottom bricks, quenching ring and the vertical pipe in Chinese-built coal gasifiers based on coal-water slurry, countermeasures were put forward from the aspects of technical innovation, operation and equipment management.

针对国产化大氮肥水煤浆气化炉中锥底砖、激冷环和下降筒使用过程中出现的问题，分析了损毁原因，分别从技术改进、工艺操作和设备管理等方面提出了相应的解决对策，可以不同程度地延长锥底砖、激冷环、下降筒的寿命。

The main facts that affect on the atomizing characteristic and load characteristic of dashing-style atomizer are well known. In order to assure good atomizing quality, increase the capacity and simplify structure, we adjust important parameters and develop a suit of dashing-style CWS atomizers with 6T/h capacity. The atomizing characteristic and load characteristic of CWS atomizer are measured by cool-state experiments.

鉴于此，本文对撞击式水煤浆喷嘴进行了详细的试验研究，明确了影响撞击式水煤浆喷嘴雾化特性和流量特性的主要因素，本着保证雾化效果、加大容量、精简喷嘴结构的原则调整各个参数，开发出一套容量为6T／h的水煤浆雾化喷嘴，并通过冷态雾化试验对此套喷嘴进行了雾化性能和流量特性的测量。

Main contents of the thesis are as follows: Description of the present usage of liquid cooling system, presentation of a new type of liquid cooling system and description of its work principles; Design of the liquid cooling system, which mainly deals with the design and collating calculating of serpentine condenser and heat exchangers adopted in this system. Meanwhile, the model chosen calculating of compressor、thermal expansion valve、plate evaporator、water pump and the like equipment used in the system are also carried out.

本文的主要内容如下：对液冷源使用现状进行了描述，提出了一种新型液冷源系统并对其工作原理进行了阐述；对系统进行了设计，主要对系统中所采用的管带式冷凝器和水侧空/液换热器进行了设计和校核计算，同时对系统中所用到的压缩机、热力膨胀阀、板式蒸发器、水泵等配套设备进行了选型计算；分别对制冷系统和冷却液循环系统进行了数学建模。

Hardness of malleable cast iron decreases with the increase of Si content after cooling and water quenching; while the hardness increases with the increase of Si content after furnace cooling and oil quenching.

在空冷和水淬后，可锻铸铁的硬度随硅含量的增加而降低；在炉冷和油淬后，可锻铸铁的硬度随硅含量的增加而升高。

Most gasifiers with quenching process have the problem of carrying water in the quenching chamber, which is more obvious under high load conditions constraining the increase of the gasifier load.

采用激冷流程工艺的气化炉，大都存在着激冷室带水的共性问题，且在高负荷生产状况下尤为明显，直接制约了气化炉负荷的提高。

The possible media are stated including alkane series, Hydro Fluorocarbons (abbre. HFCs), water-soluble materials and binary mixtures. Some of these media with application prospect are described. In addition, the suggestion for further researech is presented.

为寻找新型水合物蓄冷工质，列出了理想蓄冷工质的特点，根据该选择要求，将可供选择的工质分为烷烃类、HFC类、可溶水类和混合类等几类作了详细介绍，列出了部分较有前景的工质，并对其应用作了展望，指出了今后的研究重点。

The possible media are stated including alkane seriesHydro Fluorocarbons (abbre. HFCs)water-soluble materials and binary mixtures. Some of these media with application prospect are described. In additionthe suggestion for further researech is presented.

为寻找新型水合物蓄冷工质，列出了理想蓄冷工质的特点，根据该选择要求，将可供选择的工质分为烷烃类、HFC类、可溶水类和混合类等几类作了详细介绍，列出了部分较有前景的工质，并对其应用作了展望，指出了今后的研究重点。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。