水传播的

From gentlefolk down to the very poor, were divided into two groups without their choice, and in most cases, without their knowledge; one group being supplied with water containing the sewage of London, and, amongst it , whatever might have com from cholera patients, the other group having water quite free from such impurity.

显然，没有实验能设计来说明水的供应对霍乱传播进程的影响，这个实验的范围也是最大的。不少于三百万人，男女老少，各个阶层，从绅士到穷苦人，在他们不能选择，且大多数是不了解情况的条件下，被分成了两组；一组喝含有伦敦污水的水，其中有来自霍乱病人的排泄物，另一组被供应绝对不含此类不净物的水。

The origin of SPA is from Latin, solus par Aqua, and solus means health, par penetrating and Aqua water. That is, bringing vigor and health by the water.

SPA一字源于拉丁文solus par Aqua，solus=健康，par=透过。。。，Aqua=水，意思是透露过水给人们带来健康和活力，wallon是比利时的温泉小镇，古罗马人发现浸泡各种矿泉浴和被山泉瀑布的自然冲击可以治疗程各种疾病和疼痛，同时具有养生美容的功效，这些疗效由此传播到各处，因而水疗一时名声大振奋，迅速风靡整个欧洲。

In this paper, a general description of circulation in the Japan Sea is made, some controversial issues including the origin and structure of the Tsushima Warm Current are summarized, and some scientific problems with the Japan Sea remain un solved, these problems include the long-term variations and variation causes of volume transport of the Tsushima Warm Current, the disappearance of the East Korean Warm Current and its mechanism, the transport path and affecting factors of the Japan Sea Proper Water, and the causes for some variations in the Japan Sea and their responses to the global changes.

概述了日本海环流状况，着重介绍了对马海峡、郁陵海盆环流情形和日本海特征水团；总结了目前仍存在的争议问题，如对马暖流源头、对马暖流空间结构等；指出了目前日本海尚待解决的科学问题，如对马暖流流量的长期变化及其原因、东韩暖流消失现象及其机制、日本海特征水的传播路径及其影响因素、日本海的某些变化产生原因及其与全球变化的响应等。

It is pointed out that the essence of this new thinking is antithesis of water hammer and its control.

针对水击压力波的产生及传播特性，指出该技术方案的本质是水击反问题及水击控制。

Thus clean water supplies and the correct disposal of faeces could prevent the spread of cholera, control of anopheline mosquitos could reduce malaria transmission, and immunization could protect young children against measles.

由此可见，供应清洁水和正确处理粪便可防止霍乱的传播，控制按蚊可减少疟疾的传播，免疫接种可保护儿童免遭麻疹感染。

To effectively control the spread of halobios by discharging ballast water, in February of this year, the IMO issued the Vessel Ballast Water and Sediment Control and Management Conventions with strict criteria for discharging ballast water. Many major shipping countries also strengthen their management over ballast water.

为了有效控制船舶压载水排放导致的海洋生物入侵性传播灾害，国际海事组织于今年2月通过了《船舶压载水及沉淀物控制和管理国际公约》，制定了严格的压载水排放标准，许多航运大国也加强了对压载水的监管力度。

The influence of water sprays on gas flame propagation is experimentally studied in the present paper.

本文利用自行设计的传播火焰喷雾抑制实验系统研究了水雾对甲烷火焰传播特性的影响。

4The low similarities betweenseed banks and the established vegetation were considered to be the consequences ofthe frequent presence in the established vegetation but not in seed banks of someperennial rhizomatous plants which mainly depended on vegetative propagation toregenerate;insignificant difference in the species composition of seed barks amongtransects, might be accounted for by the fact that the flood drift had functioned as adisseminator for propagules;and with the intensifying of the flooding disturbance,both species diversity and the similarity between seed banks and establishedvegetations declined.

4种子库与地上植被相似性普遍较低，其原因是主要靠营养繁殖以更新种群的多年生根茎植物经常在植被中出现而不在种子库中出现；受水淹干扰的样带之间种子库的种类组成差异不大，说明洪水漂移行使了繁殖体传播和散布的功能；随水淹干扰强度增加，种子库物种多样性指数减小，种子库与地上植被的物种组成相似性下降。

Next,john snow look into the source of the water for these two streets.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.soon afterwords the disease slowed down.he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.

接下来，约翰雪调查这两条街的水的起源，他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流，他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用，在这之后，很快这疾病就减缓了，他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体。

One of the most important mechanisms for the introduction of non-indigenous organisms is transport in ship ballast water.

国际航运船舶，尤其是船舶装载的压载水是传播地理性隔离有害生物的主要途径，这类传播目前已经在世界范围内对生态环境和世界经济造成了巨大的危害。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。