氯根离子

The synthesis methods of energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids(cations including triazole, tetrazole, bridged azole, hexamethyenetetrammonia, etc;and anions including nitrate, perchlorate, azide, tetranitratealuminate, polycyan anion, N,N'-dinitrourea, etc.) are reviewed, and the effects of cations, anions and their substitution groups on melting point, enthalpy of formation, density of the materials are summarized.

本文综述了多种含能盐和含能离子液体（阳离子包括三唑、四唑、双环唑、六次甲基四胺等；阴离子包括硝酸根、高氯酸根、硝基唑、叠氮根、四硝基铝、多腈基化合物、二硝基尿素等）的合成；结合其表征结果分析了阳离子上的取代基以及阴阳离子对它们的性能如熔点、生成焓、密度等的影响。

This study has hypothesized that high concentration of nitrate, acetic and chorine ions in the scrubbing water lowers the water vapor pressure which in turn reduces the relative humidity of the scrubber outlet from 90~100% to below 80%. As a result, nitric acid can't absorb water to grow into visible white smoke particles.

本研究推论白烟消失的原因是因为含有高浓度硝酸根离子、醋酸根离子及氯离子之洗涤水蒸气压变低，使得洗涤塔出口的相对湿度由90~100%降低至80%以下，因而使得硝酸无法反应及成长成可见之白烟微粒。

The effect of the phosphate anion on the stabilization of hydrate in magnesium oxychloride cement was investigated by the method of XRD.

通过XRD分析的方法，探讨了磷酸根离子对氯氧镁水泥水化物的影响。

The behavior of tartrate ions during the neutralization-conversion process of antimony oxychloride was studied.

研究了酒石酸根离子在氯氧锑中和转化过程中的作用行为。

However, in nanolized iron system, the influences of chloride, sulfate, nitrate and perchloride ions on chromium removal rate were very relatively insignificant.

然而在奈米铁系统中，氯离子、硫酸根、硝酸根及过氯酸根对於六价铬的去除效果影响较不明显，但磷酸根却会使六价铬的去除效果明显降低。

Otherwise existence of the phosphate, perchloride and nitrate ions can reduce the rate of chromium removal by zero valent iron in commercial powder iron system.

研究结果显示当六价铬中含有氯离子和硫酸根时能增加商业铁粉对六价铬的去除效果，而硝酸根、过氯酸根及磷酸根则会使商业铁粉去除六价铬的效果变差。

Mn-complexes in which Mn atom ligand with the N atom within ligand can stimulate the recovery of electron transfer and oxygen evolution. The trinuclear Mn-complex is extremely sensitive to the addition of CaCl2. It is suggested that there is an interaction between Ca2 and carboxyl within the trinuclear Mn-complex during photoactivation and this interaction benefits the ligation of Mn atom to the apo-WOC and form an active WOC. Binuclear MnMn complex shows slightly higher efficiency than binuclear MnMn complex in restoration of O2 evolution activity. It is suggested from our results that recovery of electron transport and O2 evolution with synthetic Mn-complexes is affected by different factors. Cl- can stimulate the reconstitution of WOC at the concentration of over 100mM;the maximal recovery of O2 evolution activity requires the presence of CaCl2 and 33 kDa protein polypeptide together. Bicarbonate can stimulate the reconstitution of WOC.

锰配合物中锰原子与配体中的氮原子配位连接时，能显著恢复电子传递活性和放氧活性；三核锰化合物在重组时对CaCl2的存在非常敏感，我们认为Ca2 与三核锰化合物中的羧基之间存在一定的相互作用，而这种作用有助于锰原子的光配位进而使三核锰化合物易于组装成有活性的水氧化复合物：双核锰化合物MnMn比双核锰化合物MnMn在恢复放氧活性方面更有效；影响锰化合物电子传递能力恢复的因素与影响锰化合物放氧活性恢复的因素不同；在锰蔟重组过程中，氯离子的浓度必须在100mM以上，才能有效进行光重组；最大光重组效率的获得必须有钙离子和33kDa多肽同时存在；碳酸氢根离子促进锰化合物与去锰光系统II的光组装。

Results:Biochemical indicators: the concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl－ in the serum after the infusion are different with those before the infusion; other indicators don't have the significant difference. The mean infusion time of group A is longer than that of group B (p=0.006), while the dosis letalis of KCl doesn't have significant difference between groups (p=0.062); the concentrations of K+ in blood, Na+, Mg2+ and Cl－ in serum have the significant difference between groups; the urine volume and the concentrations of all the urine electrolyte indicators don't have the statistical significant difference between groups.

结果：生化指标：输入钾前后，家兔血清钾离子浓度升高，钠、钙及氯离子浓度降低，具有统计学显著性差异，p=0.000；全血钾及血清其他离子浓度变化，以p=0.05为标准，不具有统计学显著性差异。A、B两组间比较结果：A组输液致死时间长于B组(p=0.006)，致死输钾量无统计学显著性差异(p=0.062)；全血钾、血清钠、镁及氯离子浓度变化值具有显著差异，血清钾、钙、碳酸氢根离子浓度变化值无明显的差异；尿量和尿液各电解质浓度指标无统计学显著性差异。

Passive film was formed onto the surface of stainless steel in nitric acid solution.

在90℃温度均匀腐蚀条件下，经过40天后，321不锈钢样品在低酸度的硝酸铀酰溶液中的腐蚀速率小于0.04g／m〓。h，铀酰离子以六水硝酸铀酰的形式吸附于321不锈钢表面，在含氯离子和次氯酸根离子的硝酸铀酰溶液中，321不锈钢发生了点蚀，出现了点蚀坑。

The initial products of neutralization-conversion contain oxychloride, cubic and orthorhombic antimony white. The final products turned into single cubic antimony white.

在酒石酸根离子存在的情况下，氯氧锑中和转化初期产物物相含有氯氧锑、立方晶型和斜方晶型锑白，随着时间的延长，完全转化为单一的立方晶型锑白。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。