氯喹

The application techniques and control of new quinclorac to E. crusgalli in paddy fields were investigated. The results indicated that paddy phytotoxicity was arose by new quinclorac. The application techniques of new quinclorac which had the advantage of adequateness, high efficiency and safety and control efficacy were analyzed.

在新型二氯喹啉酸控制稻田稗草的试验及示范推广中，发现该药剂对水稻有一定的药害，分析了药害的产生原因，提出了适量、高效、安全使用新型二氯喹啉酸的方法。

Objective To study the effects of chloroquine on proliferation and cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cultured in vitro and provide basis for research on chloroquine in therapy for liver cancer.

目的：探讨氯喹对体外培养人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和细胞周期的影响，为氯喹作为肝癌治疗药物的研究提供依据。

For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make.

几十年来，在非洲治疗疟疾的首选药物是氯喹。氯喹是一种很便宜而且又容易配制的化学制剂。

As resistance to chloroquine, the chief anti-malarial drug of the past few decades, has grown, many began to despair.

随着氯喹抗药性的增强，氯喹这种过去主要的抗疟疾药已经开始变得令人失望了。

We focused the study on the synthesis methods of quinoxaline, nitration of its aromatic ring and chlorination of its heterocycle. In this paper, we thought about environmental protection, the cost of material, the feasibility of industrialization, workup easily, and obtained 2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedion, 6-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedion, 6,7-dinitro-2,3(1H,4H)–quinoxalinedion, 2,3-dichlo- roquinoxaline, 6–nitro-2,3-dichloroquinoxaline,and 6,7- initro-2,3-dichloro-quinoxaline. A more reasonable, easily, efficient and simple reactive route to synthesize above-mentioned compounds was developed by systematically investigating the yield, the purity and physical character of intermediates.

本文针对喹喔啉及其芳环硝化、杂环氯代的合成进行研究，主要考虑了环保性、原料成本、产业化的可行性、反应操作的简便性等问题，获得了2，3(1H，4H)-喹喔啉二酮、6-硝基-2，3(1H，4H)-喹喔啉二酮、6，7-二硝基-2，3(1H，4H)-喹喔啉二酮、2，3-二氯喹喔啉、6-硝基-2，3-二氯喹喔啉和6，7-二硝基-2，3-二氯喹喔啉等六个中间体，考察了反应产物的产率、纯度和性状等因素，得到了更为合理、方便、实用、简洁的可供产业化的合成路线。

Topological indexes of A , B , C and D were all obtained from the different combination of topological vertex degree. A QSAR equation for this series of compounds was established based on the multi-linear regression method and a new group of autocorrelation topological indexes. The results showed that the biological activity is linearly correlated with the volume and branching size of the quinclorac derivatives. Finally, new herbicide was designed based on all QSAR results.

针对应用经典结构参数和量子化学参数得出的结果不够理想的问题，对点价自相关拓扑指数进行了研究，建立了一组新型的点价自相关拓扑指数A、B、C、D；首次将该指数用于除草剂氯喹酸酯类化合物的定量构效关系研究中，建立了很好的定量构效关系方程，综合分析所有的QSAR结果设计出了潜在的新型除草剂氯喹酸烯丙酯。

Using o-nitrotoluene as an oxidant, the improved preparation of 7-chloroquinldine was studied by classical Skraup reaction of m-chloroaniline and crotonaldehyde.

研究了以邻硝基甲苯为氧化剂，间氯苯胺和巴豆醛通过经典的Skraup反应制备7-氯喹哪啶的改进方法。7-氯喹哪啶的收率为46.7%，质量分数99.2%；副产物为二氯喹哪啶，收率13.4%。

The synthesis of 4,5,7-trichloroquinoline makes use of ethyl orthoformate, cyanoacetic ester and 3,5-dichloroaniline as the raw materials. The synthesis is completed by four steps: condensation, cyclization, hydrolyzation and chlorination. Several conditions concerned in the process are studied, the whole yield of 4,5,7-trichloroquinoline is about 53%, and the purity of it is about 96%. All the products are testified by IR, NMR and HPLC.

介绍了以3，5-二氯苯胺、原甲酸三乙酯和氰乙酸乙酯为原料，经过缩合、成环、水解和氯代4步反应制备4，5，7-三氯喹啉的方法，对相关的试验条件进行了考察，通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和液相色谱对4，5，7-三氯喹啉的结构和纯度进行表征和测定，试验结果为4，5，7-三氯喹啉的纯度大于96%，总收率达到53%。

Control of QR barnyardgrass was also studied in this paper. Butachlor, cyhalofop-butyl, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor, mefenacet and oxyfluorfen plus quinclorac gave adequate control of QR barnyardgrass, however, butachlor in combination with quinclorac and quinclorac plus piperonyl butoxide or agrco were not effective for control of QS barnyardgrass.

本论文还对QR稗草的治理进行了研究，结果表明：丁草胺、千金、果尔、扫茀特、苯噻草胺单剂及果尔和二氯喹啉酸混用能有效的防治二氯喹啉酸抗性稗草，而丁草胺和二氯喹啉酸混用、二氯喹啉酸和增效醚及二氯喹啉酸和表面活性剂蜡混用不能有效的防治QR稗草。

Results The infection rate of the malaria was 0.0% after taking leriam,was 54.4% after taking chloroquine,was 23.0% and 41.0%after taking chlotaxine,was 23.4% after taking chloroquine and chlocarbamidine,the rate of the using the intensify programs and the recrudescing rate of the malaria were 0(0.0%)/2(7.4%,2(7.1%)/9(12.5%),3(8.0%)/7(11.3%) respectively.

结果采用4种预防疟疾方案(雷利亚姆、氯喹、科泰新、氯喹联合氯胍)的疟疾发病率分别为0.0%、54.4%、23.0%、41.0%和23.4%，中国3个分队回国后预防强化方案实际服用人数及复燃率分别为0(0.0%)/2(7.4%)、2(7.1%)/9(12.5%)、3(8.0%)/7(11.3%)。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。