氯乙酸

Sodium cyclohexanoloxyacetate was synthesized by 1mol︰1.15mol of cyclohexyl sodium alcoholate to sodium chloroacetate at 135145℃.The reaction time was 2.5h and the yield was about 81%.The sodium cyclohexanoloxyacetate was acidified by HCl to get the intermediate product,2-cyclohexanoloxyacetic acid.

以摩尔比为1︰1.15的环己醇钠和氯乙酸钠为原料，在135145℃下反应合成了环己氧基乙酸钠，反应时间为2.5h，收率约为81%，再将环己氧基乙酸钠用盐酸酸化制得中间体环己氧基乙酸。

U. S. EPA' s long carcinogenic test reported that dichloroacetic acid could induce hepatic cancer in rat and mice, and trichloroacetic acid could induce hepatic cancer in mice.

美国环境保护局长期致癌试验研究报告，二氯乙酸(dichloroacetic acid， DCA)可分别导致大鼠和小鼠肝癌，三氯乙酸(Trichloroacetic acid， TCA)可导致大鼠肝癌。

DNA damage; chloridized disinfection by-products dichloroacetic acid; trichloroacetic acid; comet assay; RDPCR; p53 gene

DNA损伤；氯化消毒副产物；二氯乙酸；三氯乙酸；彗星试验；依赖随机化末端连接物PCR； p53基因

The ionization enthalpies of acetic acid, chloro-, bromo- and iodo- acetic acids were measured at 5℃ intervals between 20℃ and 45℃ in aqueous solution by LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor.

本文用LKB-2277BioActivityMonitor以5℃的间隔测量了20-45℃温度区间乙酸、氯乙酸、溴乙酸和碘乙酸在水溶液中的电离焓。

The decisive influencing factor of viscosity in carboxyl-methylation was cross-linking reaction. Carboxyl-methylation was the main influencing factor of solubility and swelling capacity in modification of high content amylose starch. The structure and gelatinization property of different amylose content were analyzed with an Olympus Vanox BHS-2 multi-function optic microscope, and the results were as follows. The structure of ordinary cornstarch was different from the high amylose; gelatinization temperature and pH value of starch were affected deeply by amylose content, but had little difference between the gelatinization of high content amylose starch contained 50% and 70% amylose; pH value had much more effect than temperature on the gelatinization of high content amylose cross-linked starch. Monochloroacetic acid consumption, alcohol concentration and pH value influenced the starch carboxyl-methylation. When alcohol concentration was 60%, pH value 10, monochloroacetic acid/starch mass ratio 55%, the carboxyl-methylation of high amylose cross-linked cornstarch had the best result. With the In-Vitro digestibility model and biodegradation experiment, the digestibility and biodegradability of high amylose cornstarch and its modified starch were detected.

采用Brabande粘度测定仪和Olympus Vanox BHS-2型多功能光学显微镜等分析手段对链淀粉含量50％和70％的高链玉米淀粉及其交联和交联羧甲基化淀粉的结构和性质进行了表征和分析，结果表明，普通玉米淀粉结构与含链淀粉50％和70％高链玉米淀粉结构不同；高链淀粉比普通淀粉难糊化，高链改性淀粉糊化受pH值影响较大，受温度影响较小；淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、溶解度、膨胀度和粘度受链淀粉的含量和改性的影响，但是，链淀粉含量超过50％时，则链淀粉含量对淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度影响不大；改性淀粉性质的影响因素中，影响粘度主要因素是交联反应，影响透明度、溶解度和膨胀度主要因素是羧甲基化改性；一氯乙酸用量、反应时乙醇浓度及碱性条件都会影响高链淀粉及其交联淀粉的羧甲基化改性效果，制备羧甲基化改性淀粉的最佳工艺是在pH值为10的60％的乙醇浓度介质中按一氯乙酸/淀粉质量比为55％进行取代反应。

There is no remarkable difference for removing proteins as consideration of de-protein rate at pH 2.5 of hydrochloric acid(69.55%) and trichloro acetic acid(73.73%).

三氯乙酸和盐酸在pH 2.5时的脱蛋白率分别为73.73%和69.55%，差异不显著，实际生产中可用盐酸替代三氯乙酸进行脱蛋白处理。

Methods Immobilizing α-amylase on chitosan by using trichloroacetic acid or chloroacetic acid as cross-link agent.

以自制壳聚糖为载体，一氯乙酸或三氯乙酸为交联剂，将α-淀粉酶固定化。

The optimal conditions determineded by experiments were as follow: chloracetic acid : sodium carbonate : isopropyl xanthate : ethylamine=l : 0.58 : 1 : 1.05, water usage is 30 ml/O.lmol chloracetic acid, esterification temperature was 80癈, esterification time was 2h, ammonolysis temperature was 70 C, ammonolysis time was Ih.

实验得出最佳工艺条件为：一氯乙酸：碳酸钠：异丙基黄药：乙胺=1：0.58：1：1.05，水用量为30 ml／0.1mol一氯乙酸，酯化温度80℃，酯化时间2小时，氨解温度70℃，氨解时间1小时。

Chloroacetic acid,chloromethyl ether,acetone,mphenylenediamine,butyl acetate,ethyl acetate,methylene chloride,ethylene dichloride,dioxane.

氯乙酸，氯甲醚，丙酮，间苯二胺，醋酸丁酯，醋酸乙酯，二氯甲烷，二氯乙烷，二氧六环。

In the case of HAA2, optimised IC and MS parameters including eluent gradient, temperature and collision energy etc.

在优化的色谱和质谱条件下，二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的检出限分别为0.053 μg/L和0.46 μg/L。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。