氯乙酸

In addition, dichloromethane-methanol-acetic acid (60: 30: 10, V/V) is selected as regenerant and the appropriate regeneration condition is also established by evaluation of the regeneration effciency.

此外，通过对再生效率的考察，寻找到二氯甲烷—甲醇—乙酸（60：30：10，V/V）为再生剂及合适的再生条件。

The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous from Rubia cordifolia L. against wolfberry aphis was investigated.

采用点滴法，测定了茜草乙醇提取物和石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水5种不同极性萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的触杀活性。

This reflected that EMP and HMP pathways and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were very important to the bioreduction.

表明糖酵解途径、磷酸戊糖途径和三羧酸循环的顺利进行对于面包酵母在有机介质中催化4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯还原反应都是十分重要的。

In chapter 3, 83 volatile chemical constituents have been identified from the petroleum ether extracted part of ethanol extract of Debregeasia longifolia Wedd., and the relative percentages of the compounds are determined by GC method. From the extract of trichloromethane and ethyl acetate, 8 compounds have been isolated.

第三章首次对长叶水麻乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分分离并鉴定出83种成分，并用毛细管气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量；从氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到了8种化合物，用波谱学方法鉴定了其中2种成分。

The inhibition effect of chloroform fraction was the most potent, with the inhibition rate about more than 83% to 5 plant pathogenic fungi under the concentration of 15mg/mL. Under the concentration of 15mg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction thoroughly inhibited the growth of Alternaria solani and Valsa mali, with the inhibition rate up to 100%. The n-butanol fraction showed the highest potent virulence, with EC50 to Alternaria solani and Valsa mali about 0.09 and 0.279 mg/mL respectively.

其中氯仿部分的抑菌效果较好，当质量浓度为15mg/mL时，其对5种植物病原菌的抑制率均在83%以上；15mg/mL乙酸乙酯部分和正丁醇部分分别对番茄早疫病菌和苹果腐烂病菌有强烈且稳定的抑制作用，抑制率达100.00%，正丁醇部分对这两种菌丝生长抑制毒力最好，EC50分别为0.090和0.279mg/mL。

At last,a convergent and general protocol to marine natural product,as demonstrated by the enantioselective total synthesis of malyngamides O,P,Q,R, 5"-epi-Q and 5"-epi-R bearing terminal vinylic chloride structure,was developed in detail.E,(7S)-7-methoxytetradec-4-enoic acid was prepared using the above described Johnson-Clainsen rearrangement,the terminal vinyl chloride was constructed using Wittig reaction as key step,the pyrrolidone derivative was constructed using L-serine as natural chiral pool.Starting from the synthesis of malyngamides O and P to explore the general route,an aldol reaction of methyl acetate with the vinyl chloride part in the presence of LDA gave the skeleton of amine portion,followed by amidation with the fatty acid finished the synthesis of malyngamide P.

先以malyngamides O和P为试点探索通用合成路线，将乙酸甲酯和烯氯部分在LDA存在下进行aldol反应得到氨部分的骨架，再将手性不饱和脂肪酸和氨部分进行酰胺化反应完成了malyngamide P的合成，将P在碱性条件下进行烯醇甲基化反应完成了malyngamide O的全合成。

Objective:To explore the relationship of negative schizophrenic cognitive function improvement with HVA and 5-HIAA, Method:Thirteen negative schizophrenic patients were treated with clozapine for 8 weeks,Memory,attention,executive function were assessed separately with Waise memory scale,cancellation test and Wisconsin card sorting test before and after treatment,and cerebrospinal fluid HVA and 5-HIAA levels were determined with HPLC-ECD, Results:Part of short memory was improving with decreasing of HVA or increasing of 5-HIAA,while significant correlation were not found between improvement of memory quotient,attention,executive function and change of HVA,5-HIAA, Conclusion:The great part of negative schizophrenic cognitive function improvement has marked correlation with change of DA and 5-HT

目的：探讨阴性精神分裂症认知功能的改善与HVA和5-HIAA变化的关系。方法：对13例阴性精神分裂症在氯氮平治疗前和治疗8周后分别采用韦氏成人记忆量表，数字划消测验和威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin card sorting test，WCST)评估其记忆、注意及执行功能，采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测测定其治疗前和治疗后脑脊液中DA代谢产物高香草酸和5-HT代谢产物五羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的浓度。结果：部分短时记忆随HVA降低或5-HIAA的增高而改善。而总的记忆商数，注意及执行功能的改善与HVA和5-HIAA的变化无明显相关。结论：大部分阴性精神分裂症认知功能的改善与DA和5-HT浓度变化无明显相关。

The analysis method of Octyltin Mercaptide and its intermediate have been studied,and the best experiment conditions were found.

对工业产品二甲基二巯基乙酸异辛酯锡及其中间体二氯二甲基锡的质量分析方法进行了研究，找出了最佳实验条件。

The experimental condition of acetylating method for determining priminary alcohol and secondary alcohol catalyzed by perchloric acid in the medium of analytically pure ethylacetate is proposed.

提出了以高氯酸为催化剂，分析纯乙酸乙酯为介质，乙酰化法测定伯、仲醇的实验条件，实现了对经典方法的改进，简化了操作程

METHODS: Fluoxetine and internal standard clozapine were extracted from plasma with ethyl acetate after being alkalized by sodium carbonate saturated solution.

以氯氮平为内标，血浆样品用饱和碳酸钠溶液碱化，经乙酸乙酯振荡萃取后，进样分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。