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AlN MSM devices were fabricated on AlN epitaxial thin film deposited on GaN/Sapphire substrates using helicon sputtering system at the low temperature of 300°C. The device characteristic was found to be improved by in situ metallization of Al electrodes. The extremely low dark current (1.39pA at 20V), the ideal factor (1.0125) and the Schottky barrier height (0.916eV) are superior compared to those of AlN MSM in the literature. When the device was illuminated by the 150W D2 lamp, the ratio of the induced photocurrent to dark current is more than 2 orders of magnitude. The illumination effect also shows the linear relationship between the radiation power and the photo current for the MSM devices, indicating the potential applicability for deep UV sensors.

氮化铝金属-半导体-金属光侦测器则是用In situ metallization制程，利用低温回旋溅镀法在氮化镓/蓝宝石基板上沉积之氮化铝，再直接溅镀金属铝作为指叉电极，比较目前文献制作出来的氮化铝MSM元件，可得到很好的元件金半接面之理想因子1.0125，算出萧特基能障高度为0.916eV，并有很低的暗电流为1.39 pA，提升了元件的特性，使用150 W氘灯入射，光暗电流差距可到两个order，且元件之光电流与入射光功率呈线性，显示所制作之氮化铝MSM元件，很适合针对深紫外光波段侦测。

Aeruginosa increased with the increased initial P concentration in the media;② Under the constant N concentration, the phosphorus uptake of M. aeruginosa was correlated positively with the initial P concentration;③ Under the constant P concentration, the accumulation of phosphorus by M. aeruginosa was correlated negatively with the initial N concentration, but the trend was not obvious and the effect of initial N concentration on the uptake P quantity became ruleless when the initial N concentration reached a higher level (21 mg/L).

结果显示，①氮磷比不变时，随着起始磷浓度的增加，铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐蓄积量也逐渐增加，成明显正相关；②氮浓度不变时，铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与磷浓度正相关；③而同一磷浓度下，铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与氮浓度负相关，但氮浓度超过21 mg/L时，氮浓度对于铜绿微囊藻蓄积磷的效果影响变得不规则。

The photoresponsive properties of the azobenzene polymers are based on the photoinduced fast and reversible isomerization between the trans and cis isomers of azobenzene upon exposure to UV or visible light, which triggers significant changes in the physicochemical properties of polymer materials. Recent years have witnessed a rapidly increasing interest in azo-containing polymers due to their potential in various optical and optoelectronic applications such as optical data storage, liquid-crystal displays, molecular switches, nonlinear optical devices, photomechanical systems and so on.

偶氮分子在光照下能够发生可逆顺反异构，从而引起偶氮聚合物发生分子取向以及构象转变，使得偶氮聚合物具有优越的光学活性，同时偶氮聚合物结合了偶氮单体的光学活性和高分子材料优异的力学性能和加工性能，在光信息存储材料、非线性光学材料、液晶材料等领域都有重要的应用价值。

2Soil column leachate experiment shows, soil texture and soil section form are the main factors affecting the nitrate leaching; in soil organic fertilizer produce a nitrate leaching process, during five-month experiment, nitrate content has be increasing in leakage solution, organic fertilizer applying decrease the pH and increase the electric conduction of leakage solution, there is positive action between nitrate content in leakage solution and electric conduction, which shows that nitrate-N accumulation during organic fertilizer applying is one of the main factors for soil salification; for decrease the leaching of the nitrate-N in soil, in sandy moisture soil the best amount of organic fertilizer should be 7.5～ 15 t·hm~(-2), in Loamy moisture

在小麦-玉米轮作体系上投入化肥氮300kg·hm~(-2)N和有机肥22.3t·hm~(-2)折N261.2kg·hm~(-2，能使农田氮素收支达到平衡，在兼顾环境效益的基础上获得了较高的产量效益。并通过肥料效应函数和硝态氮累积效应函数进一步预测最佳施肥组合，即化肥氮施用量为N226.5kg·hm~(-2)，有机肥用量为39.9t·hm~(-2)折N466.8kg·hm~(-2，其中小麦季施化肥氮105.85kg·hm~(-2)N、有机肥30t·hm~(-2)折N351kg·hm~(-2，玉米季施化肥氮120kg·hm~(-2)N，有机肥9.9t·hm~(-2)折N115.8kg·hm~(-2。同时，磷素平衡分析表明，在施用有机肥的基础之上，化学磷肥的施用量应适量的减少或不施。

For further understanding the effect of the strain on K-bearing silicate mineral, an experiment with KO2 strain cultured in nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free medium was conducted. By putting mineral powders into the medium and measuring the concentration of capsular polysaccharides, we concluded that the strain can accelerate the weathering rate of silicate minerals. The results showed that the polysaccharides secreted by the strain in the growth process could help the bacterial to adhere to the mineral surface effectively, and created the bacterium-mineral complex, which formed a mircro-enviorment avail the release of potassium. Another result was that there was higher level of Carbonic Anhydrase activity, which revealed that some exo-protein or enzyme produced by the bacterial had postive impact on the process of releasing potassium ion. We carried out the bacterial fermentation for larger scale production of the bacterial secretion, which was used to sperate, and identify the small molecules related to the mineral-bacterial interaction. After the analysis, it was found that the strain can produce many kinds of small molecules, such as 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, etc.

分别将菌株接入含有不同矿粉的培养基中培养，检测其在有氮、无氮培养基中荚膜多糖含量的变化，并在以钾长石和黑云母为矿源的情况下，比较研究了菌株在有氮、无氮培养基中对矿物的风化能力，通过一系列的实验，证实胶质芽孢杆菌在生长过程中所分泌的粘稠胞外聚糖可帮助细菌有效黏附在矿物表面，形成细菌-矿物复合体，并改变及维持该复合体内部的微环境，有助于该菌的解钾作用，而且细菌分泌的胞外蛋白质在该菌对含钾硅酸盐矿物的解钾作用过程中发挥重要作用；将胶质芽孢杆菌接入以钾长石和黑云母为矿源的有氮、无氮培养基中培养，检测到该菌碳酸酐酶活性的变化，并进行批量发酵后小分子酸性分泌产物的提取、分离、纯化与鉴定等方面的研究，结果表明，该菌可产生2-羟基苯甲酸，4-羟基苯乙酸，4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯等小分子物质。

The results showed as follows:Maize grown in the treatment of compound fertilizer containing urea alone had significantly lower germination rate than the maize receiving mixed CO(NH2)-N/NH4+-N or mixed NO3——N/NH4+-N in compound fertilizers in Udic Isohumisols.However,there was no significant affect of nitrogen forms on maize germination rate in Udic Cambosols.

结果表明，在黑土上，施用酰胺态氮为单一氮素形态的复混肥料时，玉米的出苗率明显下降；而用部分铵态氮替代酰胺态氮后制成的混合态氮和由铵态氮与硝态氮构成的复混肥对玉米的出苗率影响较小；不同氮素形态配比的复混肥对潮土上生长的玉米出苗影响较小，各处理的出苗率可达到90%以上。

The N input from rainfall in HPA was about 3 to 4 times higher than that in LPA and CK. However, the biomass of vegetables in HPA was decreased by up to 40%, when compared with that in CK, thus leading to a significant decrease in N output through crop harvesting. As a result, a large proportion of N was sequestrated in the soils subjected to acid rain, which subsequently enhanced nitrate leaching posing a risk to water environment.

在酸沉降重污染区，降水输入系统的氮远大于轻污染区和对照区（约3~4倍），同时因酸雨危害，蔬菜产量明显低于对照区，仅为对照区产量的60%，使系统中通过作物收获的氮输出减少，结果导致大量氮滞留于土壤中并以硝态氮等形态淋失，给水环境带来了氮污染风险。

Azobenzene functionalized polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles are novel functional polymers with many interesting characteristics such as the photo-responsive properties based on the photo-induced cis-trans isomerization, the ability to build up ordered supramolecular structure, and the sensitivity to the environmental stimuli. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the rules that control the formation of ordered structures from the azo polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles based on the supramolecular interaction, to explore the relationships between the material functionality and the supramolecular self-assembled structures at different levels, and to establish the methods for producing novel materials with potential applications in photonic and electronic areas.

中文题名光响应性偶氮聚电解质自组装及超分子结构的研究副题名外文题名 Self-assembly and supramolecular structure of photoresponsive azo polyelectrolytes 论文作者庹新林导师刘德山教授学科专业材料学研究领域\研究方向高分子材料学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词聚电解质超分子结构自组装偶氮聚电解质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O631 /38 偶氮聚电解质和两亲性偶氮聚合物是一类新颖的功能性聚合物，同时具有偶氮苯基团的光响应性、聚电解质和两亲性聚合物在适当条件下形成各种有序结构及其结构对周围环境具有敏感响应性等特点。

The excess nitrogen atoms in WNx films desorbs at temperatures below 766 ?aC. The excess nitrogen in WNx films can cause the effective work function lowering. Weak Fermi-level pinning effect is observed on HfO2 film. In this case, WNx/HfO2 gate stack can be applied to p-type fully-depletion SOI devices but WNx is not suitable to be meal gate of bulk p-type MOSFTEs.

氮化钨中过多的氮元素在温度低於766 oC便会析出，且过多的氮会导致氮化钨有效功函数下降，在氧化铪上会有轻微的费米栓效应，这种情形下，氮化钨可应用於p-型全空乏绝缘层上矽金氧半场效电晶体元件，但不适合当块材 p-型金氧半场效电晶体闸极。

After two rice-wheat rotations, 11%–13% of applied labeled N remained in 0-60 cm soil (mostly in the 0-20 cm soil); leaching of labeled urea applied in rice season was little (only 0.6%–1.1% of the applied N accumulated in 20-60 cm soil), and the leaching of fertilizer N occurred in wheat season and the beginning flooding period of the next rice season; 47%–54% of applied fertilizer N was lost and ammonia emission and nitrification-denitrification were the main pathways.

水稻季施用的肥料氮向耕层以下移动很少，20—60 cm土层中累积肥料氮仅占施氮量的0.6%～1.1%，主要发生在小麦季及水稻泡田时期，肥料氮损失占施氮量的47～54%，氨挥发和硝化反硝化气态损失是主要途径。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。