氧氢基

From 3-chloropropene bycondensation with sodium ethylate in ethanol to form 3-ethoxypropene followed by anti-Markovnikov addition with HBr inthe presence of benzoyl peroxide.

3-氯丙烯与乙醇钠在乙醇中回流制得3-乙氧基丙烯，继而在过氧苯甲酰存在下，与溴化氢经反马氏加成制得1-溴-3-乙氧基丙烷，总收率89。

PECH based PUs showed higher phase separation than that of PPG base PUs owing to that the -Cl groups in PECH reduced the flexibility of molecule chain and hindered the formation of hydrogen bonds between ether groups in soft segments and -NH groups in hard segments. As a result, PECH based PUs have lower free volume content, diffusion coefficient and equilibrium adsorption of CO〓, benzene and ethanol through them than through PPG based PUs.

聚环氧氯丙烷醚聚氨酯的氯基降低了链段柔性，妨碍了软段中醚基与硬段中氨基的氢键作用，导致其相分离程度较聚环氧丙烷醚聚氨酯大，并使CO〓、苯和乙醇蒸汽在聚环氧氯丙烷醚聚氨酯中的渗透系数和扩散系数较聚环氧丙烷醚聚氨酯小，而偏离费克扩散的程度大。

The investigation also showed that, the antioxidants with same action mechanism, for example, as both radical scavengers, phenol and amine antioxidants are synergistic; but the synergistic effects between two antioxidants with different action mechanism, such as radical scavenging phenol and amine antioxidants, and hydroperoxide decomposing ashless dithiocarbamate, are much stronger, and the heterosynergism between dithiocarbamate and alkylated diphenylamine is outstanding, which can serve as high temperature ashless high performance antioxidant combination; the heterosynergism among three antioxidants with three different action mechanisms, for example, the tri-component combination of alkylated diphenylamine, zinc dithiocarbamate and organic molybdate ester, can achieve excellent antioxidation performance.

研究还表明，具有相同抗氧机理的不同抗氧剂，如酚类和胺类抗氧剂，具有协同作用；不同作用机理的两抗氧剂之间，如自由基清除剂和氢过氧化物分解剂，具有更好的抗氧化协同效果，其中，无灰氨基甲酸酯与烷基化二苯胺抗氧剂具有最佳的抗氧协同效能，可成为高温无灰抗氧剂应用的一个很好选择；不同抗氧机理的三种抗氧剂复合，如烷基化二苯胺，氨基甲酸锌和有机钼酸酯组成的三元复合抗氧剂，具有更为优秀的抗氧化性能。

Water,c12-20 acid peg-8 ester,octyldodecanol,cetearyl isononanoate,butylene glycol,biosaccaride gum-1,peg-40 hydrogenated caster oil,ethylhexyl menthoxycinnamate,phenoxyethanol,potassium cetyl phosphate,macadamia ternifolia seed oil,dimethicone,carbomer,propylene glycol,glyceryl stearate,cocoglycerides,butyrospermum parkii,c12-13 alkyl lactate,methylparaben,benzophenone-3,pentadecalactone,sorbic acid,citrus aurantium dulcis oil,sodium hydroxyde,tocopheryl acetate,disodium edta,iris germanica root extract,retinyl palmitate,equisetum arvense extract,butylparaben,peg-8,propylparaben,ethylparaben,sodium hyaluronate,chlorhexidine digluconate,citrus aurantium amaraoil,tocopherol,ascorbyl palmitate,citric acid,ascorbic acid,limonene,linalool

水，c12-20 acid peg-8 ester，辛基十二烷醇，鲸蜡硬脂醇异壬酸酯，丁烯二醇，多醣物质，PEG-40氢化蓖麻油，4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己基酯，苯氧乙醇，十六烷基磷酸钾，澳洲胡桃子油，地美司康，卡波姆，丙烯乙二醇，甘油硬脂酸，椰油脂酸甘油酯类，牛油果，c12-13烷醇乳酸酯，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，二苯甲酮-3 ，环十五内酯，山梨酸，甜橙油，氢氧化钠，维生素E醋酸酯，乙二胺四乙酸二钠，鸢尾花萃取，维他命A酯，问荆萃取，对羟基苯甲酸丁酯，聚乙二醇- 8，羟苯丙酯，羟苯乙酯，透明质酸钠，洗必泰葡萄糖酸盐，苦橙油，维生素E ，维生素C棕榈酸酯，柠檬酸，抗坏血酸，柠檬精油，沉香醇水：几乎所有护肤品成分第一位都是水。辛基十二烷醇：界面活性剂、乳化剂、稠化剂，有一定刺激性

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

In this thesis, investigations focused on heteropoly acids-catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation reactions and the synthesis of xanthenediones and acridinediones under thermal conditions are described.1.12-Phosphotungstic acid has been used as an efficient,eco-friendly,and air- and moisture-stable catalyst to promote the direct dehydrative substitution of the hydroxy group of benzylic and allylic alcohols with variousβ-dicarbonyl compounds.

本篇论文主要描述了杂多酸催化下的C-C和C-N键的生成，以及无溶剂直接加热下合成十氢氧杂蒽二酮和9-芳基十氢吖啶二酮。主要内容如下：1。在磷钨酸催化下，1，3-二羰基化合物与醇能够顺利偶合，脱除一分子的水，生成烷基化的1，3-二羰基化合物。反应在甲苯中进行时，二芳基甲醇能与各类1，3-二羰基化合物反应，成率很高；但对于1-苯乙醇，只能得到很低的产率。

From Cacalia deltophylla (collected from Luqu County, Gansu Province), 22 compounds were isolated, of which 15 compounds have been identified. Among them, two compounds are new. They are named as 3-methyl-4-hydro-8-acetyl-furanonaphth-9-one and 1hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-acetyl-4, 8-dimethyl-5, 8-dihydro-naphthalene.

从采自甘肃省碌曲县的三角叶蟹甲草全草的甲醇提取物的石油醚部分和乙酸乙酯部分中，采用同样方法分离得到22个化合物，鉴定了其中的15个化合物，其中有2个为新化合物，分别命名为3-甲基-4-氢-8-乙酰基-呋喃萘-9-酮（2）和1-羟基-2-甲氧基-3-乙酰基-4，8-二甲基-5，8-二氢-萘（3）。

Results show that intramolecular hydrogen transfer is not favored in view of the energy trend along IHT coordinate in the region such as hypericin's peri region, where two hydrogens of hydroxyl groups bond with a common oxygen of carbonyl group and exists two IHBs in the peri region. However, intramolecular proton transfer often occur in the molecule with hexahydric cycle hydrogen bond, where only one pair of adjacent hydroxyl group and carbonyl group.

此外选择设计了一个具有三个分子内氢键的体系，兼具金丝桃蒽酮和其他苝醌类光敏剂的分子内氢键特点，研究表明两个羟基氢与共同的羰基氧形成的氢键由于存在较高的势垒，很难发生分子内氢传递，即具有金丝桃蒽酮端位结构的分子其分子内氢传递很难发生，而一般的能形成六元环状结构的分子内氢键体系容易发生分子内氢传递。

Objective:To establish a RP-HPLC method to quantify a new chemical entity HZ08N-cyano-1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-N -octyl-2(1H)-isoquinoline carboximidamideand its related substances.

目的：建立HZ08N-腈基-1-[(3，4-二甲氧基苯基甲基]-3，4-二氢-6，7-二甲氧基-N-辛基-2(1H)-异喹啉碳酰亚胺的含量测定及有关物质检查方法。

The active stability and amount of the catalyst were studied and the influential factors ,such as solvent, temperature and pressure were investigated,and then the optimal process parameters were given∶Raney∶ethanol∶3,4-methylene-dioxy nitrobenzene is 0.15∶6∶1;the reaction temperature is 40℃;the hydrogenation pressure is 0.45～0.50 MPa;the stir velo...

对催化剂用量和活性稳定性进行了研究，讨论了溶剂用量、温度、压力等因素对加氢反应的影响。结果表明最佳工艺参数为：雷尼镍∶乙醇∶3，4 亚甲二氧基硝基苯=0.15∶6∶1，反应温度40℃，氢压0.45～0.50MPa，搅拌速度450r/min，反应至不再吸氢为止，产品收率在97%以上，纯度为98%。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。