氧化钌

Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.

镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族，全部是固体金属，它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素，它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2，而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个，所以外围电子结构为4f0－145d16s2，而使这些元素氧化数均为＋3，化学性质极为接近，提炼时很难分开，它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的，更增加提纯难度，它们的原子序数为57－71，核内质子数逐个增加，因而对核外电子引力也不断增强，使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小，这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小，这也使得Zr和Hf，Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似，以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似，因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。

Several kinds of ruthenium-catalyzed organic reactions were reviewed: hydrogenation ,oxidation,isomerization,metathesis.

综述了钌催化剂催化的主要几类有机合成反应，包括氢化、氧化、异构化、复分解。

The catalytic effect of ruthenium on the oxidation decolorizing reaction of chlorophosphonazo-mk by potassium periodate in phosphoric acid medium was investigated.

研究了在磷酸介质中，痕量钌催化高碘酸钾氧化偶氮氯膦mk褪色反应特性，测定了反应级数、反应速率方程和表观活化能，拟定了反应的最佳条件，建立了一个测定痕量钌的催化动力学新方法。

In diluted H2SO4 and heating at 85℃, the discoloration reaction of xylene cyanol FF oxidized by potassium periodate can be greatly catalyzed by ruthenium. According to this phenomenon, a new method for catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium has been developed.

在稀H2SO4介质中及85℃的加热条件下，Ru对高碘酸钾氧化二甲苯蓝FF褪色反应具有显著的催化作用，据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量钌的新方法。

Furthermore, the value is same as the number of group in periodic table. Other elements with +8 oxidation value, except Ru and Os in Group VIII, are not found.

第Ⅷ族中除钌和锇外，其他元素未发现有氧化值为+8的化合物。

Ruthenium oxi dation suing emulsion technology is the most commercially efficient method.

对不同的氧化方法进行分析，使用乳化技术的钌盐氧化是最经济的氧化方法。

Supported noble metallic catalysts were prepared with different kind of noble metals and of supports,their catalytic performance for furoic acid hydrogenation were investigated in fixed bed micro-reactor in water under different conditions such as reaction pressure,temperature,H2 space velocity,space velocity of furoic acid and solvent and so on.

采用水作溶剂的固定床操作系统，用钌、铑、钯、铂等作为担载金属，氧化硅、活性炭、γ-三氧化二铝等作为载体，制备了多种负载型催化剂，评价了它们的糠酸选择性杂环加氢催化性能。

Trace Ru could sensitively catalyze the fading reaction of chlorosulphophenol azo rhodanine with KClO3 in H2SO4 medium in water bath at 85 ℃, and the fading level was in direct proportion to Ru in certain content range. Based on this, a novel determination method of trace ruthenium was established by catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry.

H2SO4介质中，水浴85℃条件下，痕量Ru能灵敏地催化KClO3氧化氯磺酚偶氮罗丹宁的褪色反应，且褪色程度与钌含量在一定范围内成正比，据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量钌的新方法。

The chlorin e6 7 and chiorin 11 were oxidized further with osmium oxide in the same oxidization condition to yield bateriochlorin 8 and 12, respectively.

卟吩醛2在碱性条件下转化为卟吩e6三甲酯7，2与烷基溴化镁的格氏反应给出脱镁叶绿酸醇9，选择高钌酸四丙基铵和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物将3-位羟基氧化成羰基，所生成的卟吩二酮10在酸性条件下脱去甲酸甲酯生成焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物11，用四氧化锇对7和11实施氧化，则分别转化为细菌卟吩衍生物8和12。

Part Ⅰ:A glassy carbon electrode is modified with ruthenium oxide/nafion film in pH 2.0 buffer solution. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, rotatable ring disk electrode and amperometric techniques were used to study the electrochemical properties of the RuO/Nf film.

中文摘要本研究主要分为三部分来讨论，第一部份利用利用玻璃碳电极在pH=2缓冲溶液中修饰氧化钌/Nafion 薄膜，实验中使用了循环伏安法、电化学石英晶体微天平、旋转环碟电极法及扫描式电子显微镜探讨其电化学性质及特性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。