氧化还原

The experimental results from cyclic voltammetry and constant-potential electrolysis show that the mechanism of the reaction was two molecules and three steps electrochemical process with eight-electrons transferred: anion radical arose in the first step; two-electrons were transferred in the second step and accompanied with coupling reaction of radicals and protonation and dehydrate, the main product was azoxybenzene; two-electrons were transferred in the third step, and azobenzene was achieved.

研究结果表明，硝基苯在铂电极上的电还原反应为双分子八电子三步骤电化学过程：第一步反应为准可逆单电子转移步骤，产生阴离子自由基；第二步为二电子转移步骤，并伴有随后的双分子不可逆自由基偶合反应和快速质子化及脱水反应，主要产物为氧化偶氮苯；第三步是二电子转移产生偶氮苯的过程。

With α-D-glucose as raw material, 3-O-benzoyl-1,2,5,6-O-diisopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose was synthesized by isopropylene protection , oxidation, reduction and benzoylation.

以α-D-葡萄糖为原料，经异丙叉基保护、氧化、还原、苯甲酰化反应合成3-苯甲酰基-1，2，5，6-氧-二异丙叉基-α-D-呋喃阿洛糖。

In the forth chapter, betulin was oxidized by Jones oxidation in step 1 and converted to betulonic acid, then betulonic acid was reduced by sodium borohydride in step 2 and converted to betulinic acid.

第四章使用琼氏氧化剂氧化白桦酯醇，硼氢化钠还原制得白桦酯酸。

According to the result, we believed that the reason resulted in the low sensitivity was that the marker residue compound MQCA structure has changed after conjugated with protein and the antibody induced by the conjugation could not recognize the free MQCA in the ci-ELISA. Therefore we designed some hapten which could reserve the marker residue structural speciality mostly. After synthesis route selection and optimum, the hapten 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized, used 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline as the start material via six steps, such as oxidation cyclization, bromize reaction, hydrolysis, Beirut reaction, reduction, hydrolysis. This work established basis for producing the high affinity antibody and developing the sensitive ELISA residue detection method.

本论文认为导致ELISA检测灵敏度较低的原因，是残留标示物和蛋白偶联后的特征结构发生改变，诱导产生的抗体不能够对游离MQCA很好的识别，因此，本论文设计了能够最大化保留MQCA结构特征的系列半抗原结构，并对其合成路线进行了筛选和优化，最终以对甲基邻硝基苯胺为起始原料，经氧化环化、溴代、水解、Beirut缩合、还原、水解六步反应制备含羟甲基结构的MQCA衍生物7-羟基甲基-3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羧酸，为制备对游离残留标示物高亲和力的抗体，高灵敏度的ELISA残留检测方法的建立奠定基础。

Caramelization is the oxidation of sugar and the Maillard reaction occurs between amino acids and reducing sugars, normally requiring the addition of heat.

通常果汁中糖氧化则形成焦糖，而梅拉德反应则是在氨基酸和还原性糖之间产生的，这个过程往往需要加热来完成。

A method for eliminating the internal oxide structure in the gas-phase carbon-nitrogen osmosis of gear features that the CCL4 is added to the kensene as carburizer and then is decomposed to generate Cl2 for reducing the oxide, the ammonia gas as nitrizing agen passes through the cylinder of silica gel or granular calcium chloride for adsorbing residual water vapour and then through the cylinder of 5A molecular sieve for adsorbing residual O2, and the resistance wire is wound on igniting pipe at furnace top to prevent the NH4Cl in exhausted gas from being condensed.

本方法采用在气体渗碳剂煤油中，加入6～8％的CCl 4 ，使共渗炉内的CCl 4 分解出新生的Cl 2 ，使已形成的合金元素内氧化物还原；在渗碳剂氨气入共渗炉前，先经过硅胶瓶或桶及粒状氯化钙瓶或桶过滤，吸附掉氨气中的残留水蒸汽，再经过5A分子筛瓶或桶吸附掉氨气中的残留氧；在靠近炉顶位置的点火管周围缠绕带瓷环的电阻丝，靠电阻丝的副带加热，使排气中的NH 4 Cl不冷凝结块等措施实现内氧化组织的消除。

Sulfate reducing bacteria is one kind of strict anaerobic bacteria that uses sulfate or other oxidative sulfides as electron-acceptors to catabolize organic materials.

硫酸盐还原菌是一类利用硫酸盐或者其他氧化态硫化物作为电子受体来异化有机物质的严格厌氧菌。

The possible mechanism for the two ECL channels at the Pt electrode cathodically pre-polarized in alkaline solution is also proposed:(1) luminol anion was electroxidized to radical at 0.22V, which then reacted with the oxygen dissolved in solution and emitted light;(2) the fresh oxygen species electro- generated at 1.07V oxidized luminol anion with light emission.

同时给出了在碱性含氧溶液中预还原的铂电极上两个可能的ECL反应通道：(1)在0.22V鲁米诺阴离子氧化为鲁米诺自由基，然后与溶解氧反应而发光；(2)1.07V处析出的新鲜氧与鲁米诺阴离子反应而发光。

A method has been deviced to improve the form of the ceric iodateprecipitate by slow precipitation in homogeneous solution.

利用碘酸亚铈能溶解于稀酸溶液而碘酸铈则不溶的区别，先用过氧化氢把全部铈离子还原，再加入碘酸铵，然后进行氧化，使碘酸铈在均匀溶液中沉淀出来。3。

The oxidative refolding of denatured-reduced lysozyme in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and/or β-cyclodextrin was investigated.

研究了β-环糊精和表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为复性液添加剂对促进变性-还原溶菌酶的氧化复性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。