氧化还原

Methods Using 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline as a starting compound, followed by substitution, reductive cyclization, oxidation, and chlorination, to give the key intermediate 2,7-dichloroquinoxaline (7), which reacted with different phenolic compounds to afford quinoxaline derivatives.

方法以4氯2硝基苯胺为起始原料经取代、还原关环、氧化、和氯代合成了中间体2，7二氯喹喔啉(7)，再在喹喔啉的2位引入不同的取代酚结构单元，合成了一系列共9个新喹喔啉衍生物。

Reductant able to restore itself to other substances is oxidized in the reaction.

还原剂能还原其他物质而自身在反应中被氧化。

It can be concluded that (1) forosamine on 17-carbon can be easily lost, but difficult for rhamnose sugar;(2) spinosad concentration decreased when irradiation time increased, degrading rate was up to about 70% for irradiating 484 min, and 11 degradates were produced. These degradates were products of the oxidation, reduction, and hydrolytic reactions.

结果表明，多杀菌素17碳上的福乐糖胺容易失去，三氧甲基鼠李糖很稳定；多杀菌素浓度随紫外光照射时间的增加而降低，在照射484 min后，降解率达到70%左右，形成11种降解产物，这些降解产物是多杀菌素A或D经氧化、还原及水解等反应形成。

Microphylla plantations are obvious, such effects and the contents of soil organic matter, N, P and K are gradually increased with the growth of C. microphylla plantations. Moreover, the activities of phosphomonoesterase, saccharase, protease, urease, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and nitrate reductase and the contents of edaphon C, N and P are significantly increased at soil depth of 0~30 cm, especially at soil depth of 0~10 cm.

随着小叶锦鸡儿固沙群落发育时间的增长，其综合防风性能提高，土壤有机质、N，P，K含量和生物活性逐渐得到改善。0~30 cm土层中磷酸单酯酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶的活性和土壤微生物生物量C，N和P含量均大幅度提高，其中0~10 cm土层增幅最大。

The substance which gives up hydrogen is said to be oxidized and the one which accepts the hydrogen is sais to be reduced.

释出氢的物质是氧化物，吸收氢的物质减少了。如果化学学的认真点就不是这样了。一个物质失去氢叫做被氧化，一个物质得到氢叫做被还原。

Five kinds of bacteria were isolated from disease Meretrix meretrix and culture water (two isolated from the M. meretrix, three from the culture water) in Lvsi harbor, Jiangsu province. The results of infection showed that strain WG1702 can cause disease with the mortality rate 100 percent and the same symptoms as original. It was cued that strain WG1702 was the pathogenic bacteria and caused the death in large scare, a preliminary research was done on the bacteria including morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic position and pathogenic. Strain WG1702 was a straight-rod gram negative bacterium, the physiological and biochemical indicators were lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, reduction of NO3- to NO2-, mannitose, oxidase and methylred reaction positive, arginine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, salicin and voges-proskauer negative.

本文从江苏吕泗文蛤养殖区发病文蛤和养殖水体中分离到5株优势菌(病蛤中分离到3株优势菌，养殖水体中分离到2株优势菌)，人工感染实验结果显示，菌株WG1702能引起供试文蛤发病，死亡率为100%，且发病症状与原发病症状相同，提示该菌是引起文蛤大面积死亡的主要致病菌，对其形态、生理生化特征、分类地位及致病性进行了初步研究，菌株WG1702为革兰氏阴性菌，直杆状，生理生化指标为：赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、硝酸盐还原、甘露糖、氧化酶、甲基红阳性，精氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶、水杨素、V.P阴性。

Results show that main microbial populations in the reservoir are saprophytic bacteria,hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria and ferment bacter...

结果表明，腐生菌、烃类氧化菌、发酵菌等是油藏中存在的主要微生物群落；注入玉米浆可以有效刺激内源微生物的生长与代谢，产生表面活性剂和生物气，有利于驱油；硝酸铵可以有效抑制硫酸盐还原菌的生长。

In the course of groundwater towards the center of the depression cone, not only the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and hematite, the precipitation of siderite and melanterite may occur, but also the cation exchange between Na(superscript +) and Ca(superscript 2+), Fe oxidation-reduction of Fe may occur.

地下水在向降落漏斗中心区的径流过程中，不但发生了方解石、白云石和赤铁矿的溶解作用以及菱铁矿和水绿矾的沉淀作用，而且发生了Na与Ca(上标 2+)的交换、铁氧化－还原反应等一系列复杂的水－岩作用。

Furthermore, a biogenesis-based synthesis of CET was developed, which realized the plausible biogenetic transformation by a transannular reductive skeletal rearrangement of cyclic amino enone 45 to key ring skeleton of CET under mild condition directly.

化合物17经Wacker氧化、环化得到重排前体不饱和酮45，45在温和的还原条件下重排得到三尖杉碱五环骨架化合物34，从而实现了三尖杉碱的全合成。第二条路线较前一条步骤更短，合成更方便，收率更高（从二酯化合物8计合成三尖杉碱的总收率可达10％）。

Evaluating the effect of the addition of tannin in the stillage and brewing water,the rate of 6g/hl in stillage water and 10g/hl in brewing water under pH 5.3 and 62℃ can be in favor of wort filtrition, restrain LOX reaction, reduce the aldehydes concentration in the wort, enhance the deoxidization, restrain the oxidation of lipid and protein to enhance t...

1在洗糟水加6g/hl，酿造水加10g/hl的单宁，控制pH5.3，温度62℃，既有利于麦汁的过滤、抑制LOX反应、降低麦汁醛类浓度、增强啤酒的还原力，又能抑制脂肪和蛋白质氧化，提高啤酒的风味稳定性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。