氧化还原

New type of water chemistry for utility drum boiler and its principle and characteristic Two kinds of water chemistry's main principle and characteristic are detailedly analyzed. Against the problem of high eroding speed, high Fe content in feed water and boiler water, high scaling speed, short chemical cleaning interval, needing poisonous chemical deoxidant, etc for drum boiler's deoxidization water chemistry and difficulty of using oxidation water chemistry, a new type of water chemistry is put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristic of whole power station's water steam cycle system, principle of two kinds of water chemistry and their practical effect in every cycle stage. Considering two water chemistry's merit, a new water chemistry called Limited Oxidation Water Chemistry is put forward, which is a local slight oxidization no-deoxidant water chemistry. And the proposed method's principle, control parameter, applying condition, start-lay up and emergency measures are initially calculated and analyzed.

三、新型汽包炉水化学工况的提出及其原理和特点详细分析了国内外现行两大类水化学工况处理的核心原理和特点，针对现行汽包炉还原性水化学工况处理所存在的系统腐蚀速度相对较大、给水和炉水铁浓度高、锅炉结垢速度快、机组酸洗间隔短、无法避免有毒化学除氧剂的使用以及氧化性水化学工况在汽包炉机组上应用的困难等问题，在详细分析电站整个水蒸汽循环系统的特点、两类水工况处理的原理和对循环中各段处理的实际效果等的基础上，综合两者的优点，提出了一种新型的局部轻微氧化性无除氧剂汽包炉水化学工况－"汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况"处理原理，并初步计算、分析和确定了该种新型水化学工况的主要工艺控制参数、应用条件、启停与紧急情况处理等。

Dehydroxylation, deoxygenation, and intake of oxygen ions from surface resulted in the reduction and oxidation of dopants in the bulk ZrO2 films.

锻烧的去氢氧化、去氧化及由表面氢氧基获取氧离子的过程还原或氧化了所添加的过渡金属离子。

The results show that the perfect strength can be obtained under oxygen partial pressure about 20% O2, overhigh or low oxygen partial pressure is unfavorable for recrystallization of Fe2O3, which causes a decrease of pellet strength. The original hematite will be transformed into magnetite on reduction firstly when carbon-burdened hematite pellet is roasted in oxidizing atmosphere, and then the magnetite will be oxidized to secondary hematite, which is more active than original hematite, therefore, the induration strength of pellet is able to be enhanced.

研究结果表明：内配碳赤铁矿氧化球团在接近空气配比(氧含量约20%，体积分数)的氧化性气氛中焙烧强度最大，氧含量过高或过低都会影响Fe2O3的再结晶，使球团强度降低；在氧化性气氛中焙烧含碳赤铁矿球团时，原生赤铁矿先还原为磁铁矿，磁铁矿再氧化成活性较高的次生赤铁矿，提高了赤铁矿焙烧固结性能和球团强度。

ABSTRACT The technique of direct reduction of cold bond pellets has attracted much interests because pellets do not pulverize at low temperature.

冷固球团直接还原的生产工艺因为不存在低温还原粉化而比氧化球团或预热球团还原的生产工艺具有更大的优越性。

We had determined the reducing power of the three Boletes,in addition,the antioxidant effect on peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid in lipoprotein,Fenton system and the self oxidation method of pyrogallol were measured in vitro,we also detected the compounds of antioxidant.

实验测定了三种牛肝菌甲醇提取物的还原力，以及在卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸过氧化体系、Fenton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化体系中的体外抗氧化活性及其起抗氧化作用的物质。

Critical C/Fe ratio as a new concept has been put forward in this paper, when the amount of carbon adding into pellet large than critical C/Fe ratio, it will results that the S% of DRI goes beyond the criterion so that EAF refuse to use it, when less than critical C/Fe ratio, it will accelerate reduction and desulphur.

文章根据热态DRI的再氧化机理，提出了一种利用半熔融密封料覆盖反应罐口的防再氧化理论，在还原温度时半熔融密封料熔化成液相，将罐口密封，反应罐冷却时，这层半熔融密封料凝固并和罐壁紧密结合，阻止氧化性气体的侵入，达到防氧化的目的。

The basic data obtained from the experimental research were calculated and disposed with computer and concluded an important principle of Li〓O by silicon thermoreduction. The factors affected the reduction such as temperature, pressure and time were dicribed by methematical equations. The relation ships of reduction rate with temperature, pressure and time were directly expressed by three-dimension figures. The relating mathematical equations described the process derived from research were proved to be coincided with the practice. Therefore, the obtained results were accurate and reliable and of important value.

运用计算机对试验研究得到的基本数据进行计算和处理，得到了氧化锂硅热还原的重要规律；用数学方程描述了温度、压力和时间还原的影响；用三维立体图直观地表现了温度、压力和时间〓与还原率的关系；研究得到的描述过程的有关数学方程，经验证与实际相符，因此得到的结果准确可靠。

By oxidation of tungsten powder at low temperature and slow speed, porous tungsten trioxide can be produced, and reduce this kind of tungsten trioxide will prepare ultrafine tungsten powder.

对于金属钨粉的氧化，低温慢速氧化可得到松散多孔状态的三氧化钨颗粒，还原此种三氧化钨可得到超细钨粉。

With the existence of additional carbon sources, sodium lactate, sodium propionate or sodium acetate, the faster pH rised, the faster p, p'-DDT dechlorinated, which indicate that the existence of short chain organic substrate supplies sufficient electron donors for the dechlorination process, and p, p'-DDT can obtain electrons more easily during the stage of pH rising.

并且由于p，p'-DDT的还原脱氯与细胞色素氧化酶及辅基FAD有关，外加碳源下p，p'-DDT的缺氧降解多数发生在体系pH值上升的阶段，且pH值上升较快时对应的p，p'-DDT缺氧降解较快，而在无外加碳源的体系中，由于可供p，p'-DDT还原脱氯的电子量限制了p，p'-DDT还原脱氯的速度，未发现上述现象。

The formal potentials in cyclic voltammograms of these 3+ valence complexes are followed: Co〓-TPPS (-0.08V )＞Fe〓TPPS (-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS (-0.23V). The electrochemical reaction of Mn〓-TPPS is reversible, and both of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS are quasi-reversible. The standard heterogeneous rate constants of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS were determined to be 1. 4×10〓cm/s and 1.4×10〓cm/s respectively. The rates of electrode reaction are as followed: Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS, e.i. Mn〓-TPPS is the most easily oxidized by the dissolved oxygen, and Fe〓-TPPS is oxidized slower than Co〓-TPPS. Ni〓-TPPS can not be oxidized. It is considered that oxygen plays an important role in the valence change of central metal atom and the rate of electron transfer in some metalloporphyrins.

三价金属卟啉络合物在循环伏安图上可得到三价到二价的还原和氧化响应，电极电位从大到小排列为：Co〓-TPPS(-0.08V)＞Fe〓-TPPS(-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS(-0.23V)，电极反应可逆性也不相同，Mn〓-TPPS是可逆过程，Co〓-TPPS、Fe〓-TPPS是准可逆过程，实验测得Co〓-TPPS的标准电极反应速率常数ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，Fe〓-TPPS的ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，电极反应的速率从大到小为：Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS，即Mn〓-TPPS最容易被溶解氧所氧化，Fe〓-TPPS被氧化的速度最慢，Ni〓-TMPyP不能被氧化，因此我们认为溶解氧对金属卟啉中心离子的价态和电子转移速率起着重要作用。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。