氧化还原

On the NiO/SiO〓 catalyst prepared by IM, the main hydrogenation product of MA was SA, the activity and selectivity were almost no relation with the nickel content and nickel species 3. Summarizing the characterization and activity evaluation of the catalysts, we concluded: On nickel based catalyst, when NiO was crystallite, and the Ni〓 that was prepared by reducing, hydrogenation of the MA could lead to SA but not to γ-BL; when NiO was cluster and had a properly interaction with the support, the Ni〓 prepared by reducing, could hydrogenate MA to SA then to γ-BL. When NiO cluster and crystallite were both existed on the catalyst, the hydrogenation products were mixture of SA and γ-BL, and the amounts of SA and γ-BL were related with the ratio of cluster and crystallite.

综合催化剂的表征和活性评价得出：当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以结晶态存在，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到丁二酸酐，丁二酸酐难以进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以簇团形式存在，与载体之间有适当的相互作用时，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到的丁二酸酐进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；若催化剂上氧化镍既有结晶态又有簇团形式时，随二者含量比例不同而得到丁二酸酐和γ-丁内酯的混合物。

The conductivity is lineally increased while the decrease of the diameter of nanowire. Meanwhile, the conductivity of oxidized state and reduced state doped with ClO(superscript - subscript 4) ion is lower than that of partial oxidized state by two order of magnitude.

尚未观察到反向击穿现象，可能原因是，在一定的反向偏压下的离子脱嵌使得它由部分氧化态转变为还原态；电导率随纳米线直径减小而线性地增加；以ClO(上标-下标 4)不离子掺杂的氧化态和还原态比部分氧化态的电导率低二个数量级。

Further oxidation treatment or reduction treatment of molybdenum dioxide nanowire arrays resulted in molybdenum trioxide nanowire arrays and molybdenum nanowire arrays. We fabricated WO3 nanowire arrays successfully by further oxidizing W18O49 nanowire arrays. Based on the vertical aligned zinc oxide nanowire arrays, we prepared the aligned zinc oxide/silicon core-shell nanowire arrays, zinc oxide nanowire-zinc silicate nanotube heterojunction arrays and zinc silicate nanotube arrays by adjusting the size of the templates as well as the annealing temperature.

我们通过氧化和还原处理二氧化钼纳米线阵列，分别合成了三氧化钼纳米线阵列和单质钼纳米线阵列；通过氧化W18O49纳米线阵列合成了三氧化钨纳米线阵列；利用氧化锌纳米线阵列作为模板，通过调节氧化锌纳米线模板的尺寸和退火温度，合成了氧化锌－硅同轴纳米线阵列、氧化锌纳米线－硅酸锌纳米管异质结阵列和硅酸锌纳米管阵列。

Oxidative bleaching by oxidation of its own to make a strong oxidation of colored substances were destroyed, so as to achieve the purpose of bleaching; food mainly used to restore the bleaching agent, mostly belonging to sulfurous acid and its salts, they are generated through the reduction of the role of sulfur dioxide can fruits and vegetables fade, it is widely used in food products such as bleaching and preservation.

氧化漂白是通过其本身强烈的氧化作用使着色物质被氧化破坏，从而达到漂白的目的；食品中主要使用还原漂白剂，大都属于亚硫酸及其盐类，它们通过产生的二氧化硫的还原作用可使果蔬褪色，因此广泛应用于食品的漂白与保藏等。

The concentration of Al3+ in alite burnt at oxidative atmosphere is more than it burnt at reduce atmosphere. And the concentration of Fe3+／Fe2+ in alite burnt at reduce atmosphere is more than it burnt at oxidative atmosphere.

氧化气氛下烧成的阿利特中Al3+的固溶量要高于还原气氛下的，而还原气氛下烧成的阿利特中Fe3+／Fe2+的固溶量高于氧化气氛下的。

The value of current density and the apparent active energy of electroreduction of substituted nitrobenzene depend on the electronic effect of substituted group and space resistance. o,m,p-chloronitrobenzene will be electroreduced to azoxy compounds by taking three electrons, o,m-nitrotoulene and o,m-nitrobenzoic acid will be reduced to phenol compounds by taking four electrons, and p-nitrotoulene will be reduced to the aniline by taking six electrons. According to these results, the electroreduction mechanism of the substituted aryl nitro-compounds was studied in detail.

在电还原过程中，还原峰电流和表观活化能的大小均与取代基的电子效应和空间位阻相关，同时取代硝基氯苯得3个电子将还原生成氧化偶氮苯类化合物：邻、间硝基甲苯、硝基苯甲酸得4个电子将还原生成酚类化合物；对硝基甲苯得6个电子将还原生成胺类化合物，在此基础上，探讨了各芳族硝基化合物的电还原机理。

The nine antidiabetic medicinal plants were Anredera cordifolia van Steenis, Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hil., Basella alba L., Callisia repens L., Duchesnea indica Focke, Psidium guajava L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Tripogandra cordifolia Aristeg., Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.. Their antioxidant activities were assessed using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) staining, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods.

这九种治疗糖尿病的药用植物包括藤三七、绿苋草、落葵、铺地锦竹草、蛇莓、芭乐、消渴草、怡心草、土人参等，它们的抗氧化活性分析方法包括：Trolox当量的总抗氧化能力、DPPH染色法、清除DPPH自由基能力、还原力及铁还原抗氧化能力等。

While in photoreduction of Cr , the titania-modified MCM-41 photocatalysts were more photoactive than the titania-silica composite (25％ TiO〓).

在光催化降解苯酚中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化活性虽然不及结晶的锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛，但是仍具有较高的催化活性；在光催化还原Cr到Cr反应中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化还原性明显高于部分结晶的TiO〓-SiO〓（25wt％TiO〓）复合氧化物。

One is low valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by direct current facing target magnetron sputtering firstly, and then thermal oxidated; the other is high valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by ion beam sputtering, then thermal deoxidated. Vanadium oxide thin films with phase transition were obtained at the lower thermal process temperature 300℃, which is compatible with MEMS technologys. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by first method includes mainly VO_2, V2O3 and VO_, the TCR is -2.25%/K, the TCR gradually increases with phase transition temperature decreases. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by the second method includes mainly VO_2, V2O5 and V2O3 , and the resulting VO_x thin filmTCR is -3.0%/K. The TCR of phase transition vanadium oxide thin films made by second method is higher than that made by first method for the existance of V2O5 in thin films.

分别采用直流对靶磁控溅射制备低价态氧化钒薄膜再附加热氧化处理的方式，和射频离子束溅射制备高价氧化钒薄膜附加热还原处理的方式获得了具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜，第一种方式获得相变特性氧化钒薄膜的热处理温度最低为300℃，克服了以往高温条件下热处理不能与MEMS工艺兼容的缺点；相变特性氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O3和VO_，室温TCR为-2.25%/K；室温电阻温度系数随相变温度的降低逐渐升高；采用第二种方式获得的相变氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O5和V2O3，室温TCR可达-3.0%/K；分析发现，具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜中含有V2O5时，室温电阻温度系数明显增大。

Effects of hydrogen reduction time, hydrogen content and redox circulation on C O oxidation activities of CuO-CoO/Al2O3 and CuO-Ce2O3/Al2O 3 combustion promotors were investigated.

对 CuO-CoO/Al2O3和 CuO-Ce2O3/Al2O3助燃剂受 H2还原时间、还原 H2 含量，以及多次还原-氧化循环处理后对 CO 氧化活性的影响在实验室进行了研究。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。