氧化还原

The results showed that: 1 reinders' redox buffers were used to study the redox properties not only for latent image centers but also for sensitivity centers; 2 The redox potential of Ag2S sensitivity centers was less negative than －220 mV with respect to the saturated calomel electrode in our experiment and the redox potential of latent image centers was between －220 mV and －190 mV; 3 The redox activities of latent image centers were much higher than that of sensitivity centers.

实验结果表明：1Reinders的氧化还原缓冲液的方法，不仅可用于研究潜影中心，也可用于研究敏化中心；2本实验条件下的硫化银敏化中心的氧化还原电位约略负于－220 mV，潜影中心的氧化还原电位值是介于－220 mV与－190 mV之间；3潜影中心的氧化还原活性较敏化中心大得多。

In the detection experiments, the scan rate is set at 0.3 V/s under the analysis of linear sweep voltammetry. On the cyclic voltammetry plot, each pair of clear redox peaks was observed for 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and penta- chlorophenol. The potentials of the redox pairs were 1.218 and -0.460 V for 4-CP, 1.128 and -0.448 V for 2,4-DCP, and 1.037 and -0.473 V for PCP.

在侦测污染物的实验之中，使用0.3 V/s做为线性扫描伏安法的最佳扫描速度，利用循环伏安法扫描可测得4-氯酚、2，4-二氯酚及五氯酚水溶液中氧化与还原波峰，4-氯酚的氧化与还原电位为1.218与-0.460 V、2，4-二氯酚之氧化与还原电位为1.128与-0.448 V及五氯酚之氧化还原电位为1.037与-

However, deoxygenation induced further reduction of these metal ions at high temperatures.

过渡金属在二氧化锆基质中的氧化还原特性与其d轨域之电子组态有关，过渡金属具有d5或d10电子组态者(如Mn2+， Fe3+， Cu+，及Zn2+)具有高稳定性能阻绝低温锻烧(~550 °C)时去氢氧化所引发的还原反应，然而高温引发的去氧化可提供更高的还原力，因此这类过渡金属在高温锻烧后(~950°C)将继续还原成低价的物种。

Study shows that environment evolution and eustatic change of Holocene in this area may be divided into 6 stages:① early stage of early Holocene, 9 100~10 900 aBP,when sea level was low and this area was an oxidizing environment or oxidizing-reducing transition environment;② late stage of early Holocene, 8 000~9 100 aBP, sea-level rising,...

研究表明，本区全新世环境演化分为6个阶段：①早全新世早期，10900~9100aBP，海平面较低，尚未淹没本区，为近岸氧化环境或氧化—还原过渡环境；②早全新世晚期，9100~8000aBP，海水上涨，本区时淹时退，为浅海或潮坪环境，生物钻孔发育；③中全新世主体，8000~4150aBP，海平面快速上升，完全淹没，Fe2+/Fe3+介于0.7395~1.9123之间，为全新世中最高段，表明还原程度强、全球气候变暖；④中全新世后期，4150~2850aBP，海水有所下降，仍为浅海环境，Fe2+/Fe3+较高，多在1.0以上；⑤晚全新世，2850~1310aBP，海平面进一步下降，本区时常暴露，其中2150~1310aBP以还原环境为主，为潮下带，2150~2850aBP以氧化—还原过渡环境为主，为潮间带；⑥1855AD以来，海平面基本稳定，稍有上升，为现代黄河三角洲沉积时期。本区全新世至少存在5期冷热交替的旋回性气候变化。

Essence of oxido-reduction reaction is studied by the theory of Yuanji Diagram , the law of oxidability or reductibility of a matter is analysised, and the standard of deciding the weakness and strong-ness of oxidability or reductibility is given

用元极图理论研究氧化还原反应的实质，分析了物质的氧化性或还原性规律，提出了判断物质的氧化性或还原性强弱的标准。

Reactive oxygen species causing DNA oxidative damage comes from two kinds of ways:one is from cellular normal physiological metabolism;the other is from outer environment.Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Recombinant cells were evaluated in monitoring the changes in the redox state of living cells when challenged with toxicologically relevant metal ions NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 by measuring emission intensity at 510 nm with a Hitachi F6500 fluorescence spectrophotometer,roGFP expressed in yeast responded not only to typical membrane-permeant oxidants H_2O_2 and reductants DTT,but also to toxicological metal ion-induced intracellular redox changes in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,exposure of yeast cells to NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 at concentrations that induced redox changes reported by roGFP caused up to 2～3 fold increases in DNA mutation frequency.This mutagenic effect was largely caused by oxidative stress since blocking the production of hydryl radicals with thiourea significantly reduced the mutation rate as well as delayed the cell death.

本文将对氧化还原状态变化敏感的绿色荧光蛋白roGFP1-R12，在酵母细胞中实现了多拷贝强表达；荧光扫描经强氧化剂H_2O_2和还原剂DTT以及环境中重金属NaAsO_2或Pb(NO_3)_2处理后的酵母细胞悬液，测定510 nm处的荧光发射强度结果显示，表达的绿色荧光蛋白对氧化还原水平敏感，且在510 nm处的荧光强度与一定的重金属浓度呈正相关，即roGFP1-R12在510nm处的荧光发射值随重金属浓度的增高而增强，从而说明重金属对细胞的毒性在一定程度上很可能是通过破坏细胞内的氧化还原平衡发生作用；同时通过该绿色荧光蛋白对胞内氧化还原状态变化的响应情况可以来实时检测环境中的重金属；遗传学的点突变频率及致死率实验数据表明，重金属能导致菌体的点突变频率和致死率升高，且活性氧的清除剂巯基脲能明显降低这种点突变和致死率，说明由重金属引发的这种点突变和致死效应在很大程度上是依赖于重金属对细胞诱导产生的氧化胁迫。

Keeping balncc of oxidation-reduction equation is a difficult problem in the chemical teaching, especially in high school. The author induced from a great wany materials a new mcthod, namely,"grasp one molecule", which is readily accepted by strdents.

氧化——还原方程式的配平是化学教学中的难题，特别在高中化学中，学生尤感困难，本文是作者从自身氧化还原反应，有单质参加和有单质生成的氧化还原反应诸方面归纳出一种学生易于接受的方法即&抓1分子法&。

Taller three oxidates wolfram of test first of all by means of calcines APT''s system is get pureness ,Afterwards separately after oxidate and reduction ,The wolfram restores to the wolfram powder through three oxidates ,The gains wolfram powder again oxidate is three oxidates wolfram ,Restore queen after twice oxidates ,The gains stuff pellet is more and more carefully ,Finally obtain sub－micron yardstick three oxidates wolfram .

实验首先通过煅烧APT制取了纯度较高的三氧化钨，然后分别经过氧化和还原，由三氧化钨还原为钨粉，所得钨粉再氧化为三氧化钨，经过两次氧化还原后，所得材料颗粒越来越细，最终得到亚微米尺度的三氧化钨。

The mechanisms for the differences among rice cultivars in Cd uptake and translocation There were significant differences in root oxidating abilities and soil redox potential between two typical rice cultivars, Shan you 63 and Wu yun jing 7, that are greatly different in Cd uptake from soil. The root oxidating abilities and soil Eh were accordant with Cd uptake for the cultivars. The difference between the two cultivars in Fe concentrations of root iron plaque was also significant. The cultivar with higher Fe concentrations in root iron plaque absorbed less Cd from soil.

四、水稻不同品种对镉吸收及分配存在差异的生理机理对土壤中Cd吸收能力差异很大的水稻不同品种间，根系氧化力和土壤氧化还原电位有显著差异，品种的根系氧化力和土壤氧化还原电位与该品种对Cd的吸收能力间有很好的一致性；水稻不同品种间，根表铁氧化膜的含铁量有显著差异，根表铁氧化膜含铁量高的品种，对土壤中Cd的吸收能力低；盆栽水分腾发量高及根系伤流液Cd浓度高的品种，吸收积累Cd的能力强。

The mechanics of the oxidation-reduction method and the reduction kinetics characteristic of tungsten trioxide were studied.The oxidation-reduction method in this article is a quite new processs for preparing ultrfme tungsten powder.

本实验所采用的氧化—还原法是一种全新的工艺，是先将三氧化钨还原成钨粉，然后在空气中氧化成三氧化钨后再次还原，如此反复进行多次，则可得超细钨粉。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。