氢离子

The hydroperoxide may be decomposed by Cu2+ to form alkoxyl free radicals,which increased the rate of the whole reaction.In the meanwhile,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide was studyed for the oxidation of cumene and DIPB.

在研究复合固体无机碱的同时，本文还研究了碱性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氢氧化化物等有机碱在氧化中的催化性能。

On the basis of the previous research of Annonaceous Acetogenins in ourgroup, the doctoral dissertation describes the design and synthesis of analogs of bis-THF AA such as Isochermolin and Membranacin.The study on these analogs andthe natural product Annonacin complex with metal ion by NMR has been carriedout.

本论文是在我们小组进行番荔枝内酯类似物的基础上，设计合成了一系列双四氢呋喃环番荔枝内酯类似物，并通过核磁共振等手段研究了类似物和天然产物Annonacin与钙离子的络合特性。

After the carboxymethylation,the solubility of pachyman in the water was significantly increased,its β-D-glucan characteristic absorption peak at 890 cm-1 became weak obviously,and its methylene vibration absorption peak and CO antisymmetrical stretch vibration absorption peak appeared at 1 333 and 1 606 cm-1 respectively,which indicated that the carboxymethylation succeeded.The analysis of AFM results showed that CMP molecules existed in different morphology under different solution conditions,and that the concentration,ionic strength and solvent physical chemistry characteristics of polysaccharide solution had effects on the CMP chains conformation and the action mode between different molecular chains.The phenomena were considered to be related to hydrogen bond association and intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic interactions of CMP.

结果表明：经过羧甲基修饰，茯苓多糖在水中的溶解性显著增加，890 cm-1 处的β-D-葡聚糖特征吸收峰明显减弱，1 333 cm-1 处出现次甲基振动吸收峰，1 606 cm-1 处出现〖JG(〗C〖ZJLX，Y〗O〖JG)〗非对称伸缩振动吸收峰，表明羧甲基化成功；原子力显微镜分析表明：在不同溶液条件下，CMP分子以不同形态存在，多糖溶液的浓度、离子强度及溶剂的物化特性均能对CMP的分子链构象及链间相互作用形式产生影响，推测可能与CMP分子内、分子间的氢键缔合及静电作用有关，CMP分子与云母基底间的吸附及静电作用也会对CMP的分子链构象及图像质量产生影响。

Burning experiments,thermodesorption analysis,ESCA,SIMS and ESR studies,is showed that quinone/hydroquinone and/or aroxyl/phenol groups are the catalytically active cen- tres.

采用不同的分析技术，如燃烧实验、热解吸分析、电能谱、二次离子质谱和电子自旋共振的研究，表明醌/氢醌和芳氧基/苯酚基团是催化活性中心。

Reaction trends of catalytic desulfurization of thiophene were determined based on the reaction energy needed, which was obtained with the AM1 calculation results of thiophene and possible carbonium ions on transition state.

采用半经验AM1计算方法，利用静态理论对噻吩在分子筛催化剂上的催化裂化脱硫机理进行了量子化学计算研究，通过对噻吩分子和可能产生的中间正碳离子的量子化学计算，得到各中间反应所需的能量，从而判断噻吩催化裂化脱硫反应的趋势，证实了氢转移反应在催化裂化脱硫中所起的作用。

The results show that the formation of dry gas is abided by reaction mechanism involving the cleavage of pentacoordinated Carbonium ion which is formed by the protonation of alkanes over acidic catalyst.

结果表明，烷烃分子首先在催化剂酸性中心作用下发生质子化反应，烷烃分子链上易受到氢质子进攻的位置一般在其叔碳原子或碳链中心碳原子附近的C—H键或C—C键处，形成两种反应过渡态物种——五配位正碳离子H-Carbonium和C-Carbonium。

The secondary amine conjugated to 1,8-naphthalimide could be deprotonated by Zn2+, and as a result, large red shifts in both absorption and fluorescence spectra were obtained, from which one could sense Zn2+ colorimetrically and ratiometrically.

锌离子与 ZnRF1-2的作用能够脱去共轭氮原子上的氢，从而使得荧光光谱和吸收光谱发生红移。

At this level, basic concepts such as bonding, ionic and covalent bonds are briefly introduced to students.

在这一级，基本概念，如氢键，离子和共价键简要介绍给学生。

The basic functionalized ionic liquid, 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide OH, was prepared and used to catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate.

合成了碱性功能化离子液体氢氧化1-丁基－3-甲基咪唑，研究了将其作为催化剂催化芳香醛和丙二氰、氰基乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应。

The basic functionalized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide, was prepared and used to catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate.

合成了碱性功能化离子液体氢氧化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑，研究了将其作为催化剂催化芳香醛和丙二氰、氰基乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。