氢离子

Two approaches are employed to prepare thiocyanuric acid derivatized gold nanoparticles, including the direct reduction of gold ions by potassium bitartrate and NaBH〓 and then through ligand exchange reaction.

用两种不同方法合成了三聚硫氰酸衍生的金纳米粒子，包括由酒石酸氢钾直接还原金离子及NaBH〓还原金离子后经配体交换反应。

This paper is focused on the preparation, characterization of metal clusters and theircatalytic performance in the enantioselective as well as stereoselective hydrogenations. It iscomposed of the five parts as follows: Chapter 1 A review was given on the two most studied enantioselective systems—Ni/TA and Pt/cinchona system, including some recent progress.

本论文研究了铂、铱纳米金属簇在α-酮酯、α-二酮不对称氢化中的催化性能及金属离子在α-二酮立体选择性氢化中的修饰作用，主要分为以下几部分：第一章对多相不对称催化体系一Ni／TA和Pt／cinchona及其一些最新进展作了较系统的评述；同时简要介绍了纳米金属簇的特性及其在催化中的一些应用。

Dehydroxylation, deoxygenation, and intake of oxygen ions from surface resulted in the reduction and oxidation of dopants in the bulk ZrO2 films.

锻烧的去氢氧化、去氧化及由表面氢氧基获取氧离子的过程还原或氧化了所添加的过渡金属离子。

Demonstrated by adsorptive capacity and adsorptive energy, polyacrylamides have strong interaction on mineral surface with similar action mode to that of starches, for example, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and hydroxamic acid polyacrylamide mainly by chemical force, cationic polyacrylamide by electrostatic force and hydrogen bond, nonionic polyacrylamide by hydrogen bond, while amphoteric polyacrylamide embodying both the characters of anionic and cationic one.

聚丙烯酰胺类化合物在矿物表面的吸附能以及吸附量均显示出药剂与矿物间存在的强作用，作用方式与淀粉类药剂相似：阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、羟肟酸聚丙烯酰胺主要靠化学作用，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺借助静电力和氢键，非离子型的聚丙烯酰胺则主要是氢键作用，两性聚丙烯酰胺同时具有阴离子和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺药剂的作用特点。

The acting force between CBF and the inorganic including kaolin is electrovalent bond, which is determined by Zeta electric potential, hydrogen bond and electrov...

Zeta电位测定及氢键和离子键检验结果表明，CBF与高岭土等无机颗粒之间的作用力为离子键，絮凝过程中存在架桥作用。

Binding states between modified flax fabrics and anion dyes have been investigated by infrared spectrometry, X-diffraction, peeling of color and experiments on water proofing of modified flax fabric with taking reactive red X-3B, direct Chinese red 6B and acid yellow G for examples. The results show that binding force between modified flax and acid dye is coulomb's force, and besides hydrogen bond and gravitation among molecule, electrovalent bond has been formed among direct dye and modified flax.

以直接枣红6B、活性红X—3B、酸性金黄G为例，采用X光衍射法、红外光谱法、剥色实验及织物表面防水实验，研究了改性亚麻织物与阴离子染料之间的结合状态，结果表明改性亚麻与酸性染料之间主要靠离子间的库仑力结合，与直接染料之间在形成氢键和范德华力的基础上，还形成了离子键结合。

Further treatment of the Ru nanoparticles with chiral modifier (1S, 2S)-1, 2-diphenyl-1, 2-ethylene-diamirse (1S, 2S-DPEN and KOH in ionic liquid/i-PrOH mixed solvent resulted in a novel immobilized chiral catalyst which can asymmetrically hydrogenate acetophenone and its derivatives.

将此钌纳米粒子与(1S， 2S)-1，2-二苯基乙二胺（简称(1S， 2S)-DPEN）、KOH在离子液体／异丙醇介质中原位生成一种不对称加氢催化剂，用于催化苯乙酮及其衍生物的不对称加氢反应。

The results show that the calculated cell parameters are in agreement with the experimental ones. The interactions between Li—N and Al—N are strong ionic bonds in Li3AlN2. The interaction between N and H is strong covalent bond and the interaction between Li and N is strong ionic bond in LiNH2. The calculated reaction enthalpies are 23.7 and 55.3 kJ/mol, respectively, which are in agreement with the experimental ones.

结果表明：Li3AlN2的Li—N、Al—N键主要为离子键，LiNH2的N—H键主要为共价键，Li—N键主要为离子键；298 K时贮氢反应的反应焓计算值分别为23.7和55.3 kJ/mol，与实验值均符合得较好；反应中各固态、气态物质的晶胞的结构优化后的晶格常数、键长与键角等与相应的实验值均符合较好。

The results of the present research are as follows, The correlation between physico-chemical properties of organic compounds and their competitive power was studied, and it was indicated that organic compounds preferable to form H-bonding with organic matter of sorbents have stronger competitive power; Sorption behaviors of ionizable organic compounds in different species and their competitive power were examined, and the results showed that phenols and carbonxylic acids with benzyl circle have much stronger competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, because negative charges of anionic forms can depressed their adsorption on the surface of the sediment; in contrast, organic bases such as aniline and p-chloroaniline show weaker competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, and this is because both species of the organic bases could adsorb strongly onto the sediment; there is a correlation between competitive power of organic pollutants in multi-solute systems and their sorption isotherm nonlinearity in single-solute systems, and organic compounds whose sorption isotherms is linear in single-solute systems hardly have competitive power in multi-solute systems; Competitive sorption effects in more than two-solutes systems was studied, and it was exhibited that mixture of two cosolutes each of which could suppress sorption of nominal solute onto the sediment had synergistically competitive sorption effect on the nominal solute; A method about incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model was developed, and discussion about degree of sorption/desorption effect on model prediction for different organic compounds was made, which will provide theoretical basis and practical processes for setting up more accurate water quality model.

论文主要取得了以下研究成果。(1)有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其物化性质具有相关性，易与沉积物有机质形成氢键的化合物其竞争能力也比较强；(2)可离子化有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其存在形态有关。酚类、含苯环的羧酸类化合物，其离子态的吸附竞争能力远小于分子态，其机理为有机酸阴离子所带的负电荷抑制了表面吸附能力，主要发生分配作用；而苯胺类化合物，其离子态和分子态都表现出显著的竞争能力，而且离子态的竞争能力略强于分子态，原因在于有机碱阳离子所带的正电荷促进了其表面吸附能力；有机化合物竞争能力的强弱与其单组分吸附等温线的非线性程度具有一定的相关性，吸附等温线近似为线性的化合物没有或只具有微弱的竞争能力；(3)对目标有机化合物的吸附具有竞争效应的有机化合物混合后，将对目标有机化合物的吸附产生协同竞争效应；(4)以京杭运河为例，率先提出了将有机污染物的吸附／脱附作用及水文水力参数耦合到水质模型中的方法，并讨论了吸附／脱附作用对不同有机污染物预测模型的影响，为建立更准确的水质模型及进行更客观的风险和生态评估提供了参考依据。

The bonding energy of a lateritic soil was chan...

作者根据实验材料认为，土壤体系中局部的电场强度较整个体系的平均体积电荷密度在决定离子的结合能方面具有更大意义；在 pH 低时，氢铝离子对交换点的竞争是钾、钠离子的结合能减小的一个重要原因。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。