氢氧化钾

We have presented a practical method for the preparation of propargylic alcohols from terminal alkynes and carbonyl compounds promoted by KOH in the presence of 18-crown-6,and subsequent efficient cyclizations of propargylic alcohols with 2-naphthol catalyzed by InCl_3·4H_2O under the solvent-free ball-milling conditions.Ball milling exhibits its superiority over the reported methods in the preparation of propargylic alcohols and naphthopyran derivatives.

采用机械研磨方法进行了连续的两步固相化学反应的研究：首先，在氢氧化钾和18-冠-6的作用下，端基炔和羰基化合物在机械研磨条件下反应可以高效地生成相应的炔醇化合物；其次，在四水合三氯化铟的催化作用下，生成的炔醇化合物和2-萘酚在机械研磨条件下环加成生成相应的萘并吡喃产物。

The best technology of purified lycopene oil resin was, lycopene oil resin:Trimethylene glycol:Potassium hydroxide:Water 3.5:4.5:1.5:1.5,saponification temperature 70℃, saponification time 2h. The content of lycopene is 3.4%, extraction rate is22.48%.

较优的工艺条件为，番茄红素油树脂：丙二醇：氢氧化钾：水的比例为3.5：4.5：1.5：1.5，皂化温度为70℃，皂化时间2小时，所得番茄红素的含量为3.4％。

The fatty oil from the seeds of M. cochinchinensis was extracted with petroleum ether, and the saponification was carried out with potassium hydroxide. The unsaponifiable matter was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the structures of their constituents were elucidated by means of IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and authentic chemicals.

石油醚提取脂肪油，氢氧化钾进行皂化反应，对不皂化部分进行硅胶柱色谱的分离和纯化，用IR，MS，1H-NMR等波谱技术和对照品对照等方法进行化合物的结构鉴定。

The etching solution is composed of Potassium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide, and additives. The window of demanding is crosshatched in certain conditions on polyimide flexible substrate.

采用化学蚀刻法，蚀刻液由氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和添加剂组成，于一定的工艺条件下在挠性印制电路板聚酰亚胺基材上开出所需大小、形状的窗口。

The etching solution is composed of Potassium hydroxide , Sodium hydroxide and Additives . The window of demanding size is crosshatched in certain conditions on PI flexible substrate .

采用化学蚀刻法，蚀刻液由氢氧化钾，氢氧化钠和添加剂组成，在一定的工艺条件下在挠性印制电路板聚酰亚胺基材上开出所需大小，形状的窗口。

AFTN demulsifiers of polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene amine ethers are synthesized from oxypropylene, oxyethylene and amine under a lower pressure less than 0.5 MPa and in the presence of the KOH catalyst, oxypropylene polymerizes at (130±5)℃ temperature, and oxyethylene polymerizes at (120±5)℃ temperature.

以伯胺为起始剂、氢氧化钾为催化剂，分别以环氧乙烷［开环聚合温度为(120±5)℃］和环氧丙烷［开环聚合温度为(130±5)℃］为单体，在0.5 MPa以下合成AFTN系列嵌段聚醚型破乳剂。

The products were identified by IR,NMR,MS and elemental analysis. In our method,K.OH was used in place of NaOH to synthesize benzyl ester of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(n-succinimidyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-acridinium-9-carboxylate was purified on a silica gel column with chloroform/ethylacetate(4:l,v/v) as eluent and further purified by triturating with hexane/acetone(2:l,v/v).The luminescence produced by DMAE-NHS is a flash light with maximumemission at 0.4s and decay half-time of 0.9s. The luminescence intensity is 6.11x10 cps/mol,which is affected by the composition of trigger and surfactant.

DMAE·NHS的合成是本论文的关键和难点，我们对文献方法进行改进：文献方法用氢氧化钠与3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸反应制得3，5-甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠，再用3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠与苄氯作用制备3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯，我们用氢氧化钾代替氢氧化钠，使合成取得成功；在合成2'，6'-二甲基-4'-苯基-吖啶-9-甲酸酯时，文献方法对粗产品进行两次硅胶柱层析纯化，第一次柱层析用氯仿/乙酸乙酯(4：1，Ⅴ：Ⅴ)作溶剂和淋洗剂，第二次柱层析用己烷/丙酮(2：1，Ⅴ：Ⅴ)作溶剂和淋洗剂，按照文献方法得到的不是所需要的化合物，我们只进行第一次柱层析纯化，然后用己烷/丙酮(2：1，Ⅴ：Ⅴ)进行研磨，过滤，洗涤，除去溶于己烷/丙酮(2：1，Ⅴ：Ⅴ)的部分，得到所需要的产品。

Using phenol and benzyl chloride as raw materials and N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent, benzyl phenyl ether was synthesized under microwave radiation.

采用微波辐射技术，以苯酚、氢氧化钾和氯化苄为原料，N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂合成了苄苯醚。

The celery seed oil was extracted with Soxhlet extraction method.

采用索氏提取法提取了天津实心芹菜籽油及美国西芹籽油，提取的油用氢氧化钾-甲醇法酯化后，对其进行了GC/MS分析。

Jatropha Curcas oil was used as feedstock for producing biodiesel by transesterification,and adding sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide as catalyst respectively. The optimal conditions were obtained:molar ratio of methanol to oil 6∶1,reaction temperature 60 ℃,reaction time 80 min,mixing intensity 600 r/min,catalyst concentration for NaOH,KOH,or CH3ONa 1.2% of oil weight,The yield of biodiesel was above 97%. The physico-chemical indices of the biodiesel obtained met the quality standard ASTM of USA and DIN V of Germany.

选用了非食用油麻疯果油为原料，以氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠为催化剂，通过酯交换法制取生物柴油，研究表明最适宜工艺条件为：醇油比6∶1，反应温度60 ℃，反应时间80 min，搅拌强度为600 r/min，催化剂用量为1.2%，转化率达到97%以上，且生物柴油各项理化指标均符合美国和德国测试标准。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。