氢

The rubber compound comprises a rubber which has at least two functional groups which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation, a cross-linking agent consisting of hydrosiloxane or a hydrosiloxane derivative or a mixture of several hydrosiloxanes or derivatives, which comprise at least two SiH-groups per molecule in the centre, a hydrosilylation catalyst system, at least one filling material and a coagent which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation.

为此该橡胶混配物包括：具有至少两个可通过氢硅烷化交联的官能团的橡胶；作为交联剂的氢硅氧烷或氢硅氧烷衍生物或者由数种氢硅氧烷或其衍生物组成的混合物，所述氢硅氧烷或其衍生物平均每个分子具有至少两个SiH基团；氢硅烷化催化剂体系；至少一种填料；和可通过氢硅烷化交联的助剂。

These methods include hydrogenation in high-pressure,reduction by hydroborates and reduction by dithionite. This article studied these methods, especially optimized the technology of hydrogenation in normal pressure and reduction by hydroborates.

研究了常压氢化法、加压氢化法、硼氢化物还原法及连二亚硫酸钠还原法等制备四氢叶酸，并优化了常压氢化法、硼氢化物还原法的工艺条件。

To prepare THFA from folic acid , catalytic hydrogenation and high-pressure hydrogenation, reduction by borohydride and reduction by dithionite were investigated. Especially, the technology of catalytic hydrogenation and reduction by borohydride were optimized.

本文研究了常压氢化法、加压氢化法、硼氢化物还原法及连二亚硫酸钠还原法制备四氢叶酸，并优化了常压氢化法、硼氢化物还原法的工艺条件。

A large number of bond-type complexes, as long as the hydrogen of the molecules covalently coupled to the molecular approach in an electronegative atom up, that constitutes a hydrogen bond, there are intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the points, will affect the formation of complex reaction carried out, such as in solution adding dioxa cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofuran, will reduce the alkylation reaction rate.

氢键型络合物为数众多，只要含氢的分子以共价键方式耦合到分子中一个电负性原子上去，即构成氢键，有分子内氢键和分子间氢键之分，络合物的形成将会影响反应的进行，如在溶液中加入二氧杂环己烷或四氢呋喃，都会降低烷基化反应速率。

The analysis of hydrogen-producing nature was presented through the point of catalysis of hydrogenase, the production of energy and its transportation. From author's view, the course of de-hydrogen from pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA was the chief determinant for hydrogen producing. And the balance and adjustment of NADH/NAD〓 was just the necessary condition, not the foundation reason.

本文从产氢反应的催化体系、能量产生和传递等不同角度对产氢本质进行了系统的理论分析，认为产氢发酵的第一判定条件（即产氢发酵的充分必要条件）是丙酮酸-乙酰CoA脱氢过程；而NADH／NAD〓的平衡调节机制只是必要条件，不是产氢发酵的根本动力。

On the NiO/SiO〓 catalyst prepared by IM, the main hydrogenation product of MA was SA, the activity and selectivity were almost no relation with the nickel content and nickel species 3. Summarizing the characterization and activity evaluation of the catalysts, we concluded: On nickel based catalyst, when NiO was crystallite, and the Ni〓 that was prepared by reducing, hydrogenation of the MA could lead to SA but not to γ-BL; when NiO was cluster and had a properly interaction with the support, the Ni〓 prepared by reducing, could hydrogenate MA to SA then to γ-BL. When NiO cluster and crystallite were both existed on the catalyst, the hydrogenation products were mixture of SA and γ-BL, and the amounts of SA and γ-BL were related with the ratio of cluster and crystallite.

综合催化剂的表征和活性评价得出：当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以结晶态存在，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到丁二酸酐，丁二酸酐难以进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以簇团形式存在，与载体之间有适当的相互作用时，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到的丁二酸酐进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；若催化剂上氧化镍既有结晶态又有簇团形式时，随二者含量比例不同而得到丁二酸酐和γ-丁内酯的混合物。

In April 2004, 30 Boleophthalmus pectinirostris samples were collected from the lagune in Xiepu Villege, Zhenhai Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Polyarylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of isozymes in liver tissue. LDH, FDH, GDH, GCDH, G6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, CAT and EST were analyzed and the biochemical genetic results showed that, among the 10 isozymes in this paper, 9 of which obtained clear enzyme patterns except for CAT.

于2004年4月，在浙江省宁波市镇海区澥浦滩涂采集野生大弹涂鱼30尾，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，分析了乳酸脱氢酶、甲酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、D-葡糖脱氢酶、葡萄糖－6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和酯酶等10种酶在大弹涂鱼肝脏组织中的表达，并对同工酶表型进行了生化遗传分析。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

Compared to the hydrogen storage material 70Mg30C and MgH2, the crystallitic carbon and the catalysts of Ni and Al cut down the dehydrogenation time, increased the dehydrogenation capacity of hydrogen storage material, and reduced its apparent activation energy. And the dehydrogenation kinetics performance was improved.

与储氢材料70Mg30C及纯MgH2相比，微晶碳和催化剂Ni、Al缩短了储氢材料的放氢时间，加快了放氢速度，提高了放氢量，降低了表观活化能，放氢动力学性能得到了改善。

Using hydrotreated gas oil as solvent, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 400 C, a hydrogen partial pressure of 10 MPa and a reaction time of 1 h, a portion of coke deposits could be removed yet without the function of hydrogenating coke.

采用溶剂萃取法除去工业失活催化剂上沉积的焦炭和金属的研究结果表明，用四氢呋喃、吡啶和喹啉这3种含杂原子的有机强溶剂常温萃取催化剂，其去除焦炭能力很弱，而且会因这些溶剂的强吸附作用污染催化剂；盐酸洗涤能有效去除催化剂表面的钙、铁沉积层，但不能去除焦炭；低芳香性的加氢瓦斯油在400 C、H2压力为10MPa、反应1h的条件下可部分去除催化剂上的焦炭，但不具备强的氢化焦炭作用；1，2，3，4-四氢化萘因具有供给原子氢的能力，可以有效地氢化和去除催化剂上的焦炭。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。