气道

1 Respiratory defenses are compromised by mucociliary paralysis f rom smoking andby secretions plugging airways in lungs that arescarred and sacculated by the changes of chronicobst ructive pulmonary disease.

呼吸道防御受到由吸烟产生的粘液纤毛麻痹和塞入肺部气道的分泌物所损害，肺部则由慢性阻塞性肺病的变化而形成疤痕和囊状物。

Then patient's life is in danger because of the exacerbation of hyporia hypercarbia and acid-base disturbance.Thus through awareness of the cause of obstruction and its clinical feature,resorting individualized nursing,right semisupination and semipronation,moist oxygenation and nebulization inspiring,encouraging expectoration are important to clear respiratory secretion and improve ...

对COPD病人痰阻的原因与临床体征以及体位与排痰措施的观察认为：针对COPD 病人病情及个体差异采取及时有效的预防和护理对策，如高枕右侧卧位和前倾坐位交替使用，鼓励咯痰、温湿化氧疗和雾化吸入等措施对清除呼吸道分泌物，保持气道通畅，提高氧疗及药物治疗的效果有着极为重要的作用。

Then patient's life is in danger because of the exacerbation of hyporia hypercarbia and acid-base disturbance.Thus through awareness of the cause of obstruction and its clinical feature,resorting individualized nursing,right semisupination and semipronation,moist oxygenation and nebulization inspiring,encouraging expectoration are important to clear respiratory secretion and improve the therapeutic efficacy.

对COPD病人痰阻的原因与临床体征以及体位与排痰措施的观察认为：针对COPD病人病情及个体差异采取及时有效的预防和护理对策，如高枕右侧卧位和前倾坐位交替使用，鼓励咯痰、温湿化氧疗和雾化吸入等措施对清除呼吸道分泌物，保持气道通畅，提高氧疗及药物治疗的效果有着极为重要的作用。

The pathogenesis of asthma can be divided into three stages in immunology. The initial stage is sensibilization, which is closely associated with the activation of T cells. B7/CD28 and CD69 also play a significant role in this process. The second stage is chronic allergic inflammation. The immune dysfunction resulting from the disturbance of TH1/TH2 is a major cause of chronic allergic inflammation, and dominates asthma attack. And the third stage is airway remodeling due to chronic inflammation. Airway remodeling is one of the major causes of refractory asthma, which also contributes to the death from asthma.

哮喘的发病从免疫学角度可以分为三期：初期为致敏阶段，与T细胞激活关系密切，B7/CD28和CD69在这一过程也扮演重要角色；第二期为慢性过敏性炎症阶段，TH1/TH2失衡导致免疫功能紊乱是此阶段的主要原因，在哮喘发作过程中起主要作用；第三期为慢性炎症引起的气道结构重构阶段，是难治性支气管哮喘的重要发病和死亡原因。

It was found the flow velocity gradients around the gas-tunnel was high enough to cause air mixture and sand-core washing-out, the casting should be with good sinkhead and gas-venting ability.

对铸造过程充型模拟的计算结果可知，在气道附近区域，流体流动的速度梯度很大，容易出现卷气、冲刷砂芯等现象，因此，在这些区域出现气孔、针孔和缩孔、砂孔等缺陷的可能性很大，为此，必须保证铸件凝固补缩良好、排气通畅。

The first description of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine cells dates back over 60 years when single and small clusters of cells with argyrophilic cytoplasm (stainable with silver impregnation method) were described within the airway epithelium of human and animal lungs.

第一次对肺神经内分泌细胞的说明要回顾60年以前，单一的小细胞簇和嗜银细胞质在人类和动物肺气道上皮细胞中被描述。

Under electron microscope, tissue shape and its changes of the staphylion and soft palate in model group can be observed clearly, including hyperplasia of fibers and inflammatory cell infiltration.

上气道低阻力形成类似于OSAHS症状的咽腔力学环境改变，可以引起包括软腭和悬雍垂在内的咽部软组织发生易于OSAHS形成和发展的重建。

Objective: To investigate the effects of pharyngeal respiratory pressure on the tissue morphous and mechanical properties of pharyngeal soft tissues such as staphylion, soft palate and cavum nasopharyngeum in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

目的：研究上气道低阻力咽腔力学环境改变对咽部软组织形态及力学特性的影响。

Methods: An animal model of Low pressure of upper airway was proposed by use of the little type pig, and the tension-stretch ratio relationships of the pharyngeal soft tissues such as cavum nasopharyngeum, soft palate and staphylion were measured in vitro through uniaxial tensile experiments.

用小型猪建立上气道低阻力动物模型来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征症状，对动物模型的咽组织（包括鼻咽腔软组织、软腭和悬雍垂）进行单轴拉伸实验，离体检测各部分的弹性，并和正常情形进行对比。

Hyoid suspension surgery can treat patients with OSAHS suffering from glossopharyngeal stegnosis by dragging the hyoid bone anteriorsuperiorly to enlarge the airway space on the glossopharyngeal plane.

舌骨悬吊术可通过向前上牵拉舌骨，扩大舌咽平面后气道间隙，达到治疗舌咽平面狭窄的部分OSAHS患者。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。