气道

Juvenile bronchial asthma is a severe disease which is harmful to children. It characterized of whoop , dyspnea , chest stuffiness and cough time after time. It is caused by the EOS, T-cell and so on which lead the chronic inflammation of respiratory air-way. Asthma often outbreak or aggravate at nighttime and early morning.

支气管哮喘简称哮喘，是由嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞和T淋巴细胞等多种炎性细胞参与的气道慢性炎症，使易感者对各种激发因子具有气道高反应性，并可引起气道缩窄，表现为反复发作的喘息、呼吸困难、胸闷或咳嗽等症状，常在夜间和清晨发作、加剧，多数患儿可经治疗或自行缓解。

Results: PEF was the most sensitive one in all parameters of major airway function ,FEF25 、FEF50、 FEF75 were the most sensitive one in all parameters of minor airway function ,there was still different degree decrease of minor airway function in most patients of catabasis.

结果：大气道功能均以最大呼气流速峰值敏感，小气道功能以用力呼气 25 %流速(FEF25)、用力呼气 50 %流速(FEF50)、用力呼气 75 %流速(FEF75)敏感，缓解期多数患儿小气道功能仍有不同程度的损害。

We studied thickness and area of airway smooth muscle and airway wall, standardized by perimeter of basement, and examined Brdu positive cell nucleus of airway smooth muscle, expression of phenotype mark protein such as sm α-actin, sm-MHC and calponin of airway smooth muscle by immunohistochemistry.

设立正常组、模型组、中药组、西药组和中西结合组，采用免疫组化方法分析激发二周、四周哮喘大鼠中、小气道壁厚度及面积、气道平滑肌厚度及面积、气道平滑肌细胞Brdu掺入、气道平滑肌表型标志蛋白(sm α-actin、sm-MHC、calponin)表达情况。

Spirit way parenchyma goes up to be mixed flabbily when stricture and Morpheus are being enraged on the element such as glossal root postposition is caused on spirit way obstruction increases; to enrage inflammation to cause chronically at the same time outside Zhou Qidao obstruction increases.

上气道狭窄以及睡眠时上气道软组织松弛和舌根后置等因素引起上气道阻力增加；同时慢性气道炎症造成外周气道阻力增加。

With the help of Axioplan 2 imaging system, we quantified the change of expression of ICAM-1, MUC5AC, goblet cell and NF-κB. Analyze the results by SAS method. Results (1) Grouped by index of lung function, the expression of ICAM-1 at the level of gene and protein had increased significantly in the epithelial cells of patients with COPD, compared with group of normal lung function.

取病灶远端的正常叶段支气管组织制备石蜡切片，原位杂交检测气道上皮中ICAM-1的mRNA的表达量；免疫组化检测气道上皮中ICAM-1和MUC5AC的蛋白表达变化；AB/PAS特殊染色法检测患者气道上皮细胞中杯状细胞的含量；PCR扩增法检测原代培养的气道上皮中MUC5AC的基因表达量和NF-κB的变化。

Results showed:(1) The airway responsiveness of smoke control group was higher than that of normal control group, the airway responsiveness of smoke + exercise group was lower than that of smoke control group;(2) Plasma level of cortisol determined immediately after exercise was higher than that determined before exercise, no significant difference occurs between that determined next day morning after all exercise finished in contrast to that determined before exercise;(3) HE staining showed, there was severe chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in smoke control group, which was reduced in the smoke + exercise group;(4) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of BKca in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased the mRNA expression of BKca;(5) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased both the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in contrast to smoke control group in bronchioli and did not effect the expression of Kv1. 5 in bronchi;(6) chronic cigarette smoke induced upregulation of FIZZ1/RELMα in bronchial smooth muscle cells, exercise decreased these effect.

结果：(1)吸烟对照组的气道反应性明显增高，吸烟加运动应激可明显降低大鼠的气道反应性；(2)吸烟运动组运动后血浆皮质醇浓度明显高于运动前，但全部运动结束后次日晨测定的血浆皮质醇浓度与运动前无明显差异；(3)HE染色显示，吸烟对照组肺组织出现明显的慢性炎症反应，吸烟加运动应激组比吸烟对照组炎症反应轻；(4)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道BKca mRNA和蛋白表达，而吸烟加运动应激可使BKca mRNA表达上调，但对小气道的蛋白表达无影响；(5)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道Kv1.5蛋白和mRNA表达，在小气道吸烟加运动应激可减轻这种作用，大气道则无作用；(6)吸烟使支气管平滑肌的FIZZ1/RELMα蛋白表达明显增强，而吸烟加运动组的RELMα蛋白及mRNA均明显减弱。

However, there were a great number of inflammatory cells, epithelial proliferation, partial breakage and defluvium of the airway epithelium in the bronchus, below the vessel mucous membrane and around lung tissues in the model control group.

正常对照组小鼠气道无明显炎症改变；模型对照组小鼠支气管、血管粘膜下和周围肺组织有明显炎症细胞浸润、气道上皮增生、气道黏液增多、气道上皮部分断裂脱落；细胞移植组小鼠气道炎症明显减轻。

All kind of structure changes do not occur at the same time, for example the epithelial desquamation occurring after exposure for 1 week and sub- epithelial fibrosis occurring after exposure for 8 weeks, and it is incomplete that the prevention of inhaled corticosteroids on airway remodeling. So inhaled corticosteroids should be introduced to treat asthma as early as it possible.

5哮喘气道重塑过程中，气道结构的各种改变是不同步的，气道上皮脱落在激发1w后即可发生，而上皮下纤维化在激发sw后出现，且ICS对气道结构改变的防治是不完全的，故临床上应及早使用ICS治疗，并结合其他抗炎剂如白三烯受体拮抗剂以最大程度地防治气道重塑的发生。

Think low ebb tolerance aerates during pneumoperitoneum can reduce spirit way obstruction and spirit way to press; to be protection lobar function, reduce spirit way obstruction to compatibly pressure, constant or relatively minor tidal volume should be taken when pneumoperitoneum.

认为气腹期间低潮气量通气可减小气道阻力及气道压；为保护肺功能、降低气道阻力和气道压，气腹时应采取恒定或相对较小的潮气量。

Paw... airway pressure 气道压力...tachypnoea monit.

SVI显著降低，气道压力正常，CCI正常或偏低，。。。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。