气象的

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

The sea ice frozen on polar ocean forms a new interface between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere. Sea ice plays an important part in the climate and environment system of Earth through its modifying role in radiative and energy balances, prevent the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and atmosphere. The salt reject during processes of sea ice freezing affects the ocean structure and circulation. Sea ice also affects the weather and climate at the South Ocean and Antarctic continent.

在极区，海冰的形成在海洋上部和大气下部之间构成了新的交界面，改变了大洋表面的辐射平衡和能量平衡，隔离了海洋与大气之间的热交换和水汽交换；海冰冻融过程影响着大洋温、盐流的形成和强度；海冰对南大洋和南极大陆气象、气候有重要的影响，在气候环境系统中起着重要的作用。

In this paper,Laterite soil adjacent to some stake of the highway in Chenzhou, Hunan section from Xiamen to Chengdu was used to investigate the deformation characteristics and protection methods of the Laterite soil subgrade under the influence of environment factors.Properties like water-holding capacity,capillary rise, coupled heat-moisture transfer and wetting deformation of samples under different compactness were studied through a series of laboratory tests.In addition,by using meteorological data of two consecutive years in Chenzhou,coupled process of moisture transfer and subgrade deformation was stimulated under the impacts of groundwater and the atmosphere.Specific work done in this paper is as follows:(1) Samples under different compactness were subjected to a series of conventional laboratory tests,such as permeability,consolidation,contraction,shear test and etc.

论文以厦门至成都高速公路湖南郴州段的红粘土为研究对象，以环境因素作用下红粘土路基的变形特征与防护方法为研究目的，通过室内试验研究了不同压实度红粘土的持水性能、毛细上升、湿热耦合迁移及湿化变形等特征，借助郴州地区连续两年的气象数据，模拟在地下水和大气的共同作用下路基内部红粘土水分迁移与路基变形的耦合过程，主要研究内容及结论如下：(1)针对不同压实度的红粘土，系统开展了其渗透、固结、收缩、剪切等试验研究。

Based on the weather data of geographical points and the phenological data of CBW, the single sine model that forecast the occurrence date of cotton bollworm is developed. By using year's data of Shihezi area, parameter of CBW emergence of overwintering generation, first generation and second generation in the Xinjiang region is built under the different low temperature. Based on the above research, the concepts, functional development temperature threshold and functional developmental degree-day, are put forward. Using the data of different station in the Shihezi area, the model is validated

基于地理点的气象数据和棉铃虫物候数据，建立了棉铃虫发生期预测的single sine 模型，利用石河子地区多年的数据，建立了不同发育温度条件下的新疆地区越冬代、第一代和第二代棉铃虫羽化的参数库；在此基础上提出功能发育起点和功能发育日度的概念并修订了模型，利用石河子地区植保站的数据，验证了模型的可行性。

The revised Hargraves formula has the best result compared with Penman-Monteith formula, the average relative error is 6%, moreover, Hargaves method requiring the least data in calculating ETo, so this method has the high actual application value; The following are Radiation method and Blaney-Criddle method ; The worst is the Pan method, even after revised, the highest and average relative error is 36% and 10%, respectively. So, in this study, Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method and Hargraves method are used except Pan method.

在这四种方法中，修正后的Hargraves方法与彭曼—蒙特斯方法的计算结果符合最好，其平均相对误差为6％，而Hargraves方法需要的气象数据只有计算时段的最高、最低温度，该方法具有较高的实际应用价值；辐射方法和布兰尼—克里德尔方法次之；蒸发皿方法最差，即使在修正后，E601型蒸发皿的最大误差也高达36％，平均为10％，所以在预报系统的研究设计中采用了除蒸发皿方法之外的四种方法。

For example,"the principle and application of multi-balance heat change" is about saving energy;"Questioning about the function of swimming bladder" is about biology;"the research of the formation thunder and the method of lightning energy" is about meteorology;"several hypothesis of the formation and change about the earth magnetic phenomenon" is about astronomy.

如在节能方面的&多点平衡热交换原理及应用&；在生物方面的&对鱼鳔功能的质疑&；在气象方面的&雷电生成原因探究及利用雷电发电方法&；在天文方面的&对地球磁现象生成及变化的几个假设&。

NASA is preparing to test a new space sail this summer that uses sunlight to provide this acceleration, whereas a scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute is refining a design for a different type of space sail that would have spacecraft surfing the solar wind, a continuous stream of charged particles that emanates from the sun, at speeds nearly twice that of Voyager 1 (18.6 miles, or 30 kilometers, per second).

今夏，NASA将进行一项新的太阳帆实验，利用太阳光进行加速。在芬兰气象研究所的一位科学家正在对各种类型的太阳帆进行改良。在太阳风，也就是从太阳发射出的带电粒子流的&吹拂&下，太阳帆将给航天器带来比旅行者1号近乎快1倍的速度(每秒18.6英里/30公里)。

Changes of the resistance will influence the proportion of partitioning of different parts in plant.

由收集到的多年的气象统计资料推导得到了皇甫川地区的降水历时的分布以及湿度的日变化模式。

Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and new wetness index were both calculated and analyzed according to Penman-Monteith scheme recommended by FAO with routine meteorological data from 616 weather stations in China from 1975 to 2004. In terms of grades of wetness index from Chinese Climate Classification Criterion, China is classified into severe arid, arid, semi-arid, semi-humid and humid zones, respectively, which are compared with the demarcations from rainfall-based indices in order to reveal the similarity and difference in association with the two schemes under current global climate warming. Besides, the spatio-temporal analysis of climate wetness over the country in the past thirty years was performed.

依据中国616个地面气象台站1975年至2004年的日气象资料，利用联合国粮农组织推荐的参考蒸散计算方法，计算参考作物蒸散（ET0）和湿润指数，按照中国气候区划中的干湿指标把中国分为极干旱、干旱、半干旱、半湿润和湿润气候区，并与传统的降水量干湿指标进行对比，揭示在全球气候变化下两种干湿指标的异同，最后对中国近30 a干湿状况进行时空分析。

This paper shows that extra non-real-time data can improve hurricane track forecasts compared with real-time observational data, and that the wind and relative humidity components of the dropsonde data have the greatest impact on the track forecasts.

通过利用UM模式在Debby飓风活动期间，对下投式探空仪所获取探空资料；采用不同使用方案的三个时次共计10次数值试验的结论分析，给出一些有意义的结论，即非实时资料对实时资料的有效补充，能够提高飓风路径预报精度，而在众多气象要素场中，风场和湿度场对飓风路径预报的影响更大。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。