气象

The radiation scheme has more impacts on heavy rain than planetary layer scheme, cumulous convection scheme and explicit cloud physical schemes.

结论在实际预报中可根据初始气象场的分型特点选择较合适的组合方案启动数值预报模式，从而达到提高模式对类似暴雨天气过程的预报能力。

It tells particularly the debris flow"s the encironment and the development characteristic by numbers . And according to its character , selecting the latest research results at present , the anthor calculates the debris flow"s the moving , dynamical characteristics and the scale , such as , the velocity of flow , the wallop , the peak value flux , and the total flux . And the anthor calculates density in different design frequency by the empirical formula method . In the text, the author uses the modle of evaluating a single gully to evaluate the risk of the debris flow . First , the author calculates the hazard degree in different design frequency , and forecasts the risk range of debris flow in Shenjia gully based on the maximum pile thickness and the total solid amount of a denbris flow . Then , on the basis of the risk range in different design frequency , the author carries out the damageability and risk assessment . The basic purpose of risk management is reducing risk or transferring risk , reducing the loss of life and property . The text constructs the system of risk management of debris flow in Shenjia gully , basis on the condition of Shenjia gully .

本文从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文等方面系统地阐述了深家沟泥石流的发育环境及发育特征；分别从形成区、流通区、堆积区对深家沟流域特征进行描述；依据泥石流沟自身特点，选用现阶段最新的研究成果，推算了不同设计频率下的深家沟泥石流流速、峰值流量、总流量、冲击力等动力特征和规模数据；并且根据经验公式法来确定深家沟不同设计频率下的泥石流容重；本文采用单沟泥石流风险评价模型对深家沟泥石流进行风险评价，首先对不同的设计频率下的深家沟泥石流进行危险度评价，根据最大堆积厚度与一次泥石流冲出量来预测不同频率下的泥石流危险范围，然后，根据预测的评估范围，评价对应范围内的易损度，最后作出风险评价；城镇泥石流风险管理的根本目的是降低风险或转移风险，减少生命财产的损失，本论文根据泸定深家沟泥石流的具体情况，构建了深家沟泥石流风险管理体系。

The influence of elevated CO2 and temperature on biomass production of continuosly defoliated white clover.

中国农业气象，1994，15(3)：44—486 杜宝华，洪佳华，司君智等。农田土壤CO2释放量的测定。

The phenomenon of stochastic resonance in an RC series circuit, whose time constant is fluctuated by asymmetric dichotomous noise, is investigated.

随机共振的概念是在20世纪80年代初提出的，用于解释第四纪全球气象冰川问题[1-2]。

The " that Deng of Chinese scientist comply with Comrade Xiaoping puts forward uses antarctic to make the demonstrative mind that contributes " for peace, from 1984 up to now, china already expedited national antarctic expedition 24 times, finished a series of from south ocean inspects a plan downily to inland, welcome progress was obtained in the respect such as shrimp of geological, glacier, atmosphere, aerolite, aurora, phosphor.

中国科学家遵照邓小平同志提出的&为和平利用南极作出贡献&的指示精神，从1984年至今，中国已派出24次国家南极考察队，完成了一系列从南大洋到内陆高原的考察计划，在地质、冰川、气象、陨石、极光、磷虾等方面取得了可喜的进展。

In 1998,Malamud et al compared actual forest fire data with simulation results of forest-fire model proposed by Drossel et al.and found that actual forest-fire system has self-organized criticality characteristics.

研究主要基于火灾发生原理法，分析各种气象因素、人口因素等对森林火灾发生概率的影响，对其进行定量化，特别是对人口密度对森林火灾的影响进行了定量化。

The temperature and density and direction of air masses can be determined, and thus the weatherman has historically offered predictions, but these predictions have become increasingly difficult, in part because of the Earth wobble which jerks the Earth about dunder her mantel of air, often at cross currents to the jet stream.

气团的温度、密度以及移动方向可以被确定，因此气象人员可以依据历史数据进行预测。但现在这样的预测越来越困难了，部分原因是地球晃动造成空气运行趔趄，风速带被横向交叉气流所干扰。

3Using long-term measurement of forest ecosystems, together with r elative data provided by forest resource inventory, hydraulic and meterorologica l departments, we estimate the various forest benefit values of Heilongjiang Pro vince, including those for visible and invisible products. Transferring the "pr oducts" to currency value using equivalent replacement of beneficial products f or currency and standard dimension, the total value is 498.687×108 yuan which takes up 32.7%of the total annual average provincial production (1522×108 yuan).

3引用多年森林生态系统定位研究结果，并参照森林资源调查、水利、气象等部门提供的有关数据，计算出黑龙江省森林各类效益值(有形产品和无形产品的产量)，通过等效益物替换和货币置换法进行&产品&的转换和量纲统一，最终得出黑龙江森林总效益值为498.687×108元，占全省(1990-1992)年平均总产值1522×108元的32.7%。

This paper reviews the processes in glacier hydrological model in term of runoff generation model and runoff concentration model, analyzes the runoff generation mode from two most widely ablation model (the meteorological factors statistical model and the energy balance model), and enlarges on the runoff concentration model from three sub-models: the surface routing sub-model, the englacial hydrology sub-model and the sub-glacial hydrology sub-model.

从冰川产流和汇流两个水文物理过程出发，介绍了国内外冰川水文模型的研究进展，对目前应用最广的两类消融模型－基于气象因子的统计模型和基于物理机制的能量平衡模型进行了分析和讨论；从冰川表面、内部以及下部汇流3个方面阐述了冰川汇流模型所取得的成果。

Limited by the condition, there are many problems in the fire protection design of enlargeable engineering. The central question of this paper is to present a fire protection design plan which is safe, reliable, rational and economic. The requirement to the plan is not only to satisfy the national fire technical standard of engineering construction, but also to combine the actual state of the weather, geology, filed size, general engineering such as the water supplying, power supplying, air-in, heating and the level of the fire defending.

怎样按照国家有关工程建设消防技术标准并结合拟建工程的现场气象、地质、场地大小条件和供水、供电、供汽、供热等公用工程以及消防保卫的现状，提出安全、可靠、合理、经济的消防设计方案是本文研究的中心问题。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。