气象

The database such as the vessel database, navigation aids facility database, hydro-meteorological information database and the database of the port facility and above–water facility in the area of responsibility are set up that the MSA can realize the vessels entering or leaving port management, above-water and underwater construction management, navigation alarm and announcement publishing, above water dangerous condition, accident , water area pollution , and vessel alarm monitoring in the area of responsibility, as well as master the circumstances in the water area of the accident and dangerous conditions and the dynamic positions of the navigation vessels.

建立了船舶数据库、助航设施数据库、水文气象数据库、港口设施、辖区水上设施数据库。实现海事局对船舶进出港管理、水上水下施工管理、发布航行警告、航行通告、监控辖区水上险情、交通事故、水域污染、船舶报警，掌握事故、险情水域情况以及有关巡航船舶位置动态。

The main influence factors of forest ecosystem health in China include forest fire, acid precipitation and forest pest-disease disaster.

对森林生态系统健康的影响主要来自森林的各种灾害，我国的森林生态系统健康影响因子包括生物灾害、气象灾害和污染灾害等，给森林资源和森林生态系统的发展造成影响。

We have the intelligent experiment greenhouse of 10000 ㎡ and plant sugar-free tissue culture laboratory of 120 ㎡, and facilities such as artificial climate box, automatic meteorological observation station, full-automatic greenhouse environmental data acquisition system, soil temperature and humidity tester, actinography, photosynthetic speed tester, CO2 monitoring instrument, crop water potential determinator, crop physiological and biochemical tester, etc.

现有智能试验温室1000m2，植物无糖组培实验室120m2，以及人工气候箱、自动气象观测站、全自动温室环境数据采集系统、土壤温湿度检测仪、光辐射仪、作物光合效能检测仪、CO2气体监测仪、作物水势测定仪以及有关作物生理生化检测仪等数十套仪器与设备。

While indirect assimilation experiment is better than that of non-assimilation one in rainfall center, the former appears positive role.2 Radar observations direct assimilation experiments: By means of ARPS-3DVar and ADAS (ARPS Data Analysis/Assimilation System), CINRAD observations are assimilated only with NCEP reanalysis data for the forecast of rainstorm. Results show that meteorological element fields are improved observably by assimilation experiments.

但同化实验对于主要降水中心的反映仍然比非同化实验好得多，对于初始场调整、模式预报仍然起到了积极作用。2雷达资料直接同化方面：以夏季暴雨为研究对象，在仅有NCEP资料的情况下，通过ARPS-3DVar和ADAS同化系统直接同化多普勒雷达资料可以对气象要素场产生显著影响和改善。

While indirect assimilation experiment is better than that of non-assimilation one in rainfall center, the former appears positive role.2 Radar observations direct assimilation experiments: By means of ARPS-3DVar and ADAS (ARPS Data Analysis/Assimilation System), CINRAD observations are assimilated only with NCEP reanalysis data for the forecast of rainstorm.

以面向雷电预报的雷达、卫星遥感资料同化及其应用为研究目的，利用NCEP资料、新一代多普勒雷达网、FY2C气象卫星、闪电定位仪网、自动气象站等观测资料的诊断、同化模拟以及理论分析等方法，对气象遥感资料的同化设计及其在雷暴天气条件下雷电预测方面的应用进行了综合研究和初步分析。

In this paper, the MM5 Adjoint Assimilation System is used to correct MM5's terrain error. The experimental results of amending different initial terrain data indicate that: the MM5 AAS is able to retrieve the terrain field, whose resolution is matched with one of the initial meteorological element field and therefore well coordinated with the MM5 model. Thus a new way about how to widely use the assimilation system is offered in this paper.

将伴随模式同化系统应用于修正模式地形误差，通过对不同初始地形的修正试验表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能很好地对地形误差进行修正，能够反演出与初始气象要素场分辨率相匹配、与模式更协调的地形场，为伴随模式同化系统的广泛应用提供了一种新的思路。

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

Although super computers have unimaginable computing capacity like a giant, their high design and maintain cost prevent their ubiquity, and only some national institutions, such as aeronautics and aerograph departments, could afford them.

超级计算机虽然是一台处理能力强大的"巨无霸"，但它造价极高，通常只有一些国家级的部门，如航天、气象等部门才有能力配置这样的设备。

Pattern recognition, as one of the main method in data mining, has been widely used in the fields of industry, agriculture, national defence, biomedicine, aerography and astronomy, etc.

模式识别是数据信息采掘技术的主要方法之一，并已在工业、农业、国防、生物医学、气象、天文学等许多领域获得了广泛应用。

Land surface temperature is an important parameter of energy balance of land surface and plays an important role in the interaction between land surface and atmosphere, and has important significance for energy balance on land surface, widely applied in many fields especially aerography, geology,hydrology,ecology and so on.

地表温度是地表能量平衡中的一个重要参数，它在地表与大气相互作用过程中起着重要的作用，对地表能量平衡的研究有着重要的意义，特别在气象、地质、水文、生态等众多领域有着广泛的应用需要。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。