气管的

The windpipe is situated in front of the oesophagus in all animals that have a windpipe, and all animals have one that are

气管位于所有有气管的动物的食管前面，而且所有动物都有一条和肺连接的气管。

The blood of omentum and intestinalmucosa that wrapped tracheal allograft was circulating well; and there was no cellular necrosis and merging in xenogenic cartilagines tracheales.

实验在受体腹腔内成功完成了一期气管替代物重建，实现了同种异体气管移植长段气管的再血管化。

However, tracheal stent implantation is different from esophageal stent implantation. As patients with airway obstruction are always complicated by dyspnea and hypoxemia, even respiratory failure, which increases risk and difficulty of stent implantation. During tracheal stent implantation, the bronchofibroscope or stent entering the stenosis site may lead to complete tracheal obstruction-induced asphyxia. Corrosion of metal wire of stent to airway mucosa and vessels may result in hemorrhea, leading to postoperative hemoptysis. Stent dislocation is mainly caused by inappropriate selection of stent, inappropriate implantation position or severe cough. Carcinoma tissue growing along stent lumens can induce re-obstruction in stent, resulting in atelectasis relapse.

气管及食管支架置入均属有创性治疗，但气管支架置入不同于食管支架置入，气管阻塞患者均有不同程度的呼吸困难和低氧血症，甚至发生呼吸衰竭，加大了支架置入的风险和难度；气管支架置入者，当纤支镜或支架进入狭窄部位时可造成气管的完全阻塞引起窒息；支架金属丝对气管黏膜血管的侵蚀可引起大出血，导致术后咯血；支架移位主要由支架选择不当、置入不到位或剧烈咳嗽引起；癌组织沿支架网眼长入造成支架内再阻塞可引起肺不张复发。

By the examination of MRI, histopathology, and the caculation of survival rate and percentage of patency, the viability of graft status of autograft tracheas wrapped in one-side sternomastiod muscule flap and two-side sternohyoid muscle flap based on different pedicle, effects of neck muscle associated with bFGF on length of autografts, and limit of warm ischemia time on tracheal allograft before cryopreservation were evaluated in rabbits.

肿瘤、先天性疾病、炎症或其他原因引起的气管狭窄，切除病变气管行气管端端吻合术是最理想的方法。而长段气管切除术后，则需要行气管重建。20世纪以来随着免疫学的发展，肾脏、心脏等脏器移植已在临床应用成为可能，人们注意到气管移植的重要性。因此，气管移植成为长段气管缺损重建的方向，其面临的主要问题是移植气管的再血管化、免疫抑制、供体的来源与保存等。

In HE staining, the experimental group showed the histopathology of OB; the transplanted tracheas were obliterative, inflammatory cell infiltrated, tracheal epithelium completely shed, and fibroblasts predominantly proliferated. While in the control group, there was no apparent histological change in normal trachea.

苏木精－伊红染色病理切片示实验组小鼠移植气管管腔闭塞，慢性炎细胞浸润广泛，气管上皮完全脱落，纤维组织增生明显，呈现闭塞性细支气管炎表现：对照组小鼠移植气管的组织形态未见明显异常。

Results:pedunculated omentum majus-cirded trachea transplantation ensured an early re-establishment of blood circulation of transplanted trachea and maintenance of its normal animate states; allogeneoilc transplantation of trachea activated bodys immune mechanism. resulting in a chronic process of rejection and finally leading to progressive necrosis of transplanted trachea tissues: chondroregeneration occurred at every period under perichondrium after transplantation. and the degree of regeneration was related with favorable blood circulation; the emplogyment of a supporting tube in trachea,under the condition of favorable re-establishment of early blood circulation, could preventgranulation tissue hyperplasia and keep trachea cavity unobstructed.Postgraduate Ding XiaoQuan Directed by-Lin LeShen

结果 带蒂大网膜包绕移植段气管行腹腔移植，早期重建了移植段气管的血液循环，保证了移植气管的早期成活及维持其正常生机状态；同种异体气管移植所激发机体的免疫机制，引起一个慢性排斥反应过程，导致移植段气管组织进行性坏死；软骨再生存在于移植后各个时间段，其再生程度与良好的血液循环有关；气管内支撑管的应用可防止肉芽组织增生堵塞管腔，从而保证气管管腔通畅。

In both types the tracheobronchial tree becomes hypersensitive, and the diameter of the airways shrinks.

这两类哮喘症中气管系统均变得非常敏感，气管的直径收缩，急性发作后就是典型的无症状期。

Most of insects usually don not have the hemcoyte for transporting oxygen, the respiratory of insect is chiefly accomplished by the tracheal system that spreads all over the whole body. Outside oxygen enters the tracheal system through spiracles arranged in two sides of body and is transported through trachea and tracheoles to meet directly the needs of tissues.

一般认为大多数昆虫体内没有运输氧的血细胞存在，昆虫呼吸主要是靠遍布全身的气管系统来完成，O2靠扩散作用由分布于昆虫身体两侧的气门处进入，经气管、微气管的运输而直接给组织供氧。

A swimmer with a snorkel can still breathe, but notice that snorkelers float right on the top.

使用通气管的游泳者还能呼吸，但是会注意到通气管得恰好漂浮在顶部才行。

A swimmer with a snorkel can still breathe, but notice that snorkelers float right on the top.

带着通气管的游泳者仍然可能呼吸，但是要注意到戴上通气管的人就浮在水面上。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。