气管外的

Radiation between cell tube and air feed tube and heat transfer by convection and conduction was also included in this model.

在传热模型中，除考虑传导和对流换热外，也考虑了电池和空气进气管之间的辐射换热。

Radiation between cell tube and air feed tube and heat transfer by convection and conduction were also included in this model.

在传热模型中，除了考虑传导和对流换热外，也考虑了电池和空气进气管之间的辐射换热。

objective to discuss perioperative complication and management of patient with high risk copd following esophagectomy.methods 45 patients with high risk copd underwent esophagectomy with epidural block combined with general anesthesia.perioperative treatment included smoking cessation,chest physiotherapy,prevention and control of infection of air way and appropriate bronchodilators of air way,breathing exercises,nutrition support and oxygen therapy.painkiller was instilled after surgery,early exercises,ensuring unobstruction of the air way,mechanical ventilation was applied when needed.results 3 had hypoxaemia in operation.after surgery,all patients had spo2 somewhat declined.6 had lung infection.6 were removed of bronchial secretion by bronchoscope.2 were supported by ventilator by using intubation.2 underwent tracheotomy.1 had disturbances of acid base balance and treated by using hydrochloric acid muriatic acid.all patients recovered rather smoothly and discharged from hospital.conclusion high risk copd is not the absolute contraindication of esophagectomy.active management before and after surgery ensures the safety and recovery of patients.

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病简称慢阻肺病人食管切除术围手术期常见并发症及其处理。方法 45例重度慢阻肺的病人在全麻联合硬膜外阻滞下进行开胸食管切除手术，围手术期处理包括术前戒烟、胸部理疗、预防和控制呼吸道感染、解痉化痰、呼吸功能锻炼、营养支持和氧疗；术后硬膜外镇痛、早期锻炼、保持呼吸道通畅，部分病人予以呼吸支持。结果术中3例出现低氧血症。术后所有病人pao2均有不同程度的下降，6例出现肺部感染，6例行纤维支气管镜吸痰，2例通过气管插管给予呼吸机支持，2例行气管切开术，1例酸碱平衡紊乱使用盐酸精氨酸治疗。所有病人均痊愈出院。结论重度慢阻肺病人并非开胸食管切除手术的绝对禁忌证，积极的术前准备和严格的术后管理可减少和控制术后急性发作，有助于确保此类病人的围手术期安全和康复。

The new recommendation presented for the use of second generation Microcuff with improved OD to ID ratio allows the selection of cuffed tracheal tubes with larger IDs than previously recommended for small children without increased need for tracheal tube exchange or increased incidence of post intubation stridor in these age groups .

这一新的推荐套囊导管，即使用改善外径和内径比的第二代微囊PETs，比以前推荐的管子用于较小的儿童时，可以选择更大内径的套囊气管导管而不会增加相同年龄组气管导管的更换率或增加插管后喘鸣的发生率。

The new recommendation presented for the use of second-generation Microcuff PETs with improved OD to ID ratio allows the selection of cuffed tracheal tubes with larger IDs than previously recommended for small children without increased need for tracheal tube exchange or increased incidence of post-intubation stridor in these age groups .

这一新的推荐套囊导管，即使用改善外径和内径比的第二代微囊PETs，比以前推荐的管子用于较小的儿童时，可以选择更大内径的套囊气管导管而不会增加相同年龄组气管导管的更换率或增加插管后喘鸣的发生率。

Results The segmental bronchial ramifications of the left upper lobe were classified into three types mainly: common stem of apical and posterior segmental bronchi (64%, 130/200), trifurcation (23%,45/200), common stem of apical and anterior segmental bronchi (10%, 21/200), and they could be identified in two typical slices of transverse thin-section CT.

左肺上叶3种主要分支类型可以通过薄层CT横断面图像2个典型层面辨认；左肺下叶依据基底干支气管分支的不同分为2种主要类型，Ⅰ型163例(75%)：基底干支气管两分支，即内前底段支气管、外后底段支气管；Ⅱ型39例(18%)：基底干支气管3分支，即内前底段、外侧底段、后底段支气管。

Methods insert the stomach tube nasal cavity, with the help of intubating ferceps, take the stomach tube out of mouth cavity from the posterior wall of dysphagia, insert trachea catheter (cid 7.0~7.5) to esophagus, under the help of trachea catheter, insert the stomach tube to esophagus then take the trachea catheter out of the esophagus and vertical, cutting off, in the course of into esophagus.

经鼻腔插入胃管，用插管钳将胃管从咽后壁前取出口腔外，用id 7.0～7.5的气管导管插入食管，在气管导管诱导下将胃管经气管导管插入食管，然后将胃管向食管内送进，同时将气管导管退出，将胃管置入相当合适的深度后，固定胃管。

Into sheet of the travel after the bosom lung aerates, discovery is flat, examination anaesthesia machine and whorl canal all are not had unusual, hind art person discovery is tracheal inside grand dash forward initiative point comes next right total bronchus the gap that tracheal film ministry has one to grow 4~6cm below pectoral top, remove vessel to grand dash forward outside insert to left bronchus afresh, repair burst mouth, travel is right go up alobe of the lung...

进胸后行单肺通气，发现漏气，检查麻醉机和螺纹管均无异常，后术者发现气管内隆突下右总支气管起始处至胸顶下气管膜部有一长4~6cm的裂口，将导管退至隆突外重新插至左支气管，修补破裂口，行右上肺叶。。。

Experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation include instant intubating the arrest victims and ventilating with 100% oxygen , initiating closed-chest compression and high-dose epinephrine infusion.

复苏成功的经验是对无气管插管的心跳骤停病人立即施行气管插管，坚持胸外按压和机械通气，大剂量肾上腺素的应用。

Pan bottom consists of dry and wet surfaces.When heated,the pan produces vapor to sterilize.Reaching the cold bottom of condenser,vapor will be condensed into water and drained back into pan.When the temperature in condenser reaches 90℃,vapor will be released from the vent devised with a whistle alarm.

底锅分为干表面和湿表面二部分，加热时可产生过热的高温蒸汽进行灭菌，当蒸汽进入冷凝器底部时，则遇冷被冷凝成水，经回水管又流回底锅，水———汽在锅内闭路循环，直至冷凝器中水温达到90℃以上时为止，此时蒸汽则通过出气管外逸，吹动哨片发出响声报警。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。