气管下的

Objective: To investigate the clinic value of nasal trachea cannula under the guidance of fibrobronchoscope to establish artificial airway.

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管建立人工气道的临床价值。

Objective To assess the effects of self-expandable metallic stents (covered-SEMS) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistulas.

目的 评估内镜下食管覆膜自膨式金属支架植入术与经皮内镜下胃造瘘术在气管食管瘘治疗中的应用价值。

objective to discuss perioperative complication and management of patient with high risk copd following esophagectomy.methods 45 patients with high risk copd underwent esophagectomy with epidural block combined with general anesthesia.perioperative treatment included smoking cessation,chest physiotherapy,prevention and control of infection of air way and appropriate bronchodilators of air way,breathing exercises,nutrition support and oxygen therapy.painkiller was instilled after surgery,early exercises,ensuring unobstruction of the air way,mechanical ventilation was applied when needed.results 3 had hypoxaemia in operation.after surgery,all patients had spo2 somewhat declined.6 had lung infection.6 were removed of bronchial secretion by bronchoscope.2 were supported by ventilator by using intubation.2 underwent tracheotomy.1 had disturbances of acid base balance and treated by using hydrochloric acid muriatic acid.all patients recovered rather smoothly and discharged from hospital.conclusion high risk copd is not the absolute contraindication of esophagectomy.active management before and after surgery ensures the safety and recovery of patients.

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病简称慢阻肺病人食管切除术围手术期常见并发症及其处理。方法 45例重度慢阻肺的病人在全麻联合硬膜外阻滞下进行开胸食管切除手术，围手术期处理包括术前戒烟、胸部理疗、预防和控制呼吸道感染、解痉化痰、呼吸功能锻炼、营养支持和氧疗；术后硬膜外镇痛、早期锻炼、保持呼吸道通畅，部分病人予以呼吸支持。结果术中3例出现低氧血症。术后所有病人pao2均有不同程度的下降，6例出现肺部感染，6例行纤维支气管镜吸痰，2例通过气管插管给予呼吸机支持，2例行气管切开术，1例酸碱平衡紊乱使用盐酸精氨酸治疗。所有病人均痊愈出院。结论重度慢阻肺病人并非开胸食管切除手术的绝对禁忌证，积极的术前准备和严格的术后管理可减少和控制术后急性发作，有助于确保此类病人的围手术期安全和康复。

Objective To investigate the application of a new method of endotracheal intubation submental endotracheal intubation to treatment of patients with complex facial fractures.

目的 探讨一种新的气管内插管方式――颏下进路气管内插管在复杂面部骨折治疗中的应用。

Submental endotracheal intubation is a secure and effective technique of airway management,an alternative to tracheotomy in treatment of patients with complex facial fractures.

经颏下进路气管内插管是一种安全有效的插管方式，在复杂面部骨折手术治疗中可以替代气管切开气管内插管。

Objective To provide anatomical basis for a new style operation using periosteal flap composed of submental artery, anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and submental artery for the renovation of laryngotrachea.

目的 为应用颏下动脉二腹肌前腹为蒂的下颌骨骨膜瓣转位修复喉、气管提供解剖学依据。方法对23例（46侧）头颈部标本的颏下动脉、颏下静脉、二腹肌前腹的相关结构进行观测。

Methods insert the stomach tube nasal cavity, with the help of intubating ferceps, take the stomach tube out of mouth cavity from the posterior wall of dysphagia, insert trachea catheter (cid 7.0~7.5) to esophagus, under the help of trachea catheter, insert the stomach tube to esophagus then take the trachea catheter out of the esophagus and vertical, cutting off, in the course of into esophagus.

经鼻腔插入胃管，用插管钳将胃管从咽后壁前取出口腔外，用id 7.0～7.5的气管导管插入食管，在气管导管诱导下将胃管经气管导管插入食管，然后将胃管向食管内送进，同时将气管导管退出，将胃管置入相当合适的深度后，固定胃管。

Into sheet of the travel after the bosom lung aerates, discovery is flat, examination anaesthesia machine and whorl canal all are not had unusual, hind art person discovery is tracheal inside grand dash forward initiative point comes next right total bronchus the gap that tracheal film ministry has one to grow 4~6cm below pectoral top, remove vessel to grand dash forward outside insert to left bronchus afresh, repair burst mouth, travel is right go up alobe of the lung...

进胸后行单肺通气，发现漏气，检查麻醉机和螺纹管均无异常，后术者发现气管内隆突下右总支气管起始处至胸顶下气管膜部有一长4~6cm的裂口，将导管退至隆突外重新插至左支气管，修补破裂口，行右上肺叶。。。

And try to find out the effect of TSA on the proliferation and differentiation of rat tracheal stem cell. Methods 1.Preparation of 5-Fu Model and TSA treatment Two weeks" Wistar rats provided by the animal center of the China Medical University. The animals were sacrificed by 10% Chloral Hydrate 0.4ml/100g. Then the tracheas were excised aseptically. Then they were douched with PBS and cultured in 1:1 mix of Dulbecco"s modified Eagle"s medium and Ham"s F-12 medium (DMEM/F12) containing 120 mg/ml 5-Fu and 10% fetal bovine serum for 12h at 37°C. The tissues were then refreshed by culturing in DMEM/F12 containing 10% FBS and 200nM TSA.

1、制备气管损伤模型及剥离上皮取约200克左右的Wistar大鼠，雌雄不限(中国医科大学实验动物中心提供)，腹腔注射10%水合氯醛0.4ml/100g，无菌条件下取出气管，无菌PBS反复冲洗，洗净血液和粘液，置于DMEM/F12培养液中(含10%胎牛血清)，于培养液中加入终浓度为100mg/ml的5-Fu，37℃，5%CO2孵育12小时，弃去上述培养液，换成新鲜DMEM/F12液(含10%胎牛血清)，同时加入终浓度为200nM的TSA继续培养，于换液后3、6、12、24、48小时分别10%中性福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋，制成4μm厚的组织切片。

The device includes a drill spigot inserting into the marebase sand layer through the upper cover soil layer, there sets air inlet, sand discharging pipe and vibration connecting pipe in the drill spigot; there sets a sand absorption head on the bottom of the air inlet and sand discharging pipe; the bottom of the vibration connecting pipe connects with the vibration head; the sand absorption head is made up of a centre cavity, ring cavity and sand absorption pipe.

该装置包括一穿透上部覆盖土层插入到海底深埋砂土层的钻孔套管，在钻孔套管内，设有进气管、排砂管和振动连接管；进气管和排砂管的下端连接一个吸砂头；振动连接管的下端连接振动头；吸砂头由一中心腔室、环状腔体和吸砂管构成。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。